The Principles of Gothic Ecclesiastical Architecture, Elucidated by Question and Answer, 4th ed. — John Shaqi
The Principles of Gothic Ecclesiastical Architecture, Elucidated by Question and Answer, 4th ed.Bloxam, Matthew Holbeche
History
The Principles of Gothic Ecclesiastical Architecture, Elucidated by Question and Answer, 4th ed.
Bloxam, Matthew Holbeche
Architecture, Gothic -- England; Church architecture -- England
The square billet, or corbel bole, used for supporting a blocking course.
[Illustration]
The cable moulding.
[Illustration]
The double cone.
[Illustration]
The pellet, or stud.
[Illustration]
The hatched, or saw tooth.
[Illustration]
The nail head.
[Illustration]
The lozenge.
[Illustration]
The studded trellis.
[Illustration]
The diamond fret.
[Illustration]
The medallion.
[Illustration]
The star.
[Illustration]
The scalloped or invected moulding.
[Illustration]
A variety of other mouldings and ornamental accessories are also to be met
with, but those above described are the most common.
Q. What kind of string-course do we usually find carried along the walls
of Norman churches, just below the windows?
A. A string-course similar in form to the common Norman abacus, with a
plain face and the under part bevelled, is of most frequent occurrence; a
plain semihexagon string-course is also often to be met with. Sometimes
the string-course is ornamented with the zig-zag moulding.
[Illustration: Norman Mouldings, from Binham Church, Norfolk, and
Peterborough.]
Q. What difference is there as to their general character and appearance
between the early and late examples of Norman architecture?
A. The details of those buildings early in the style are characterized by
their massiveness, simplicity, and plain appearance; the single or
double-faced semicircular arches, both of doorways and windows, as well as
the arches supporting the clerestory walls, are generally devoid of
ornament, and the edges of the jambs and arches are square. The undercroft
of Canterbury Cathedral, the work of Archbishop Lanfranc, between A. D.
1073 and A. D. 1080; the crypt and transepts of Winchester Cathedral, built
by Bishop Walkelyn between A. D. 1079 and A. D. 1093; the plain Norman work
of the Abbey Church at St. Alban’s, built by Abbot Paul, between
1077-1093; and the north and south aisles of the choir of Norwich
Cathedral, the work of Bishop Herbert, between A. D. 1096 and A. D. 1101,
not to multiply examples, may be enumerated as instances of plain and
early Norman work. In buildings late in the style we find a profusion of
ornamental detail of a peculiar character, and numerous semi and
tripartite cylindrical mouldings on the faces and edges of arches and
vaulting-ribs. The transepts of Peterborough Cathedral, built by Abbot
Waterville between A. D. 1155 and A. D. 1175, exhibit vaulting-groins faced
with roll mouldings, and other details of an advanced stage; whilst the
Galilee, Durham Cathedral, built by Bishop Pudsey, A. D. 1180, is
remarkable for the lightness and elongation of the piers, which are formed
of clustered columns; and the semicircular arches which spring from these
are enriched both on the face and soffits with the chevron or zig-zag
moulding. There are many intermediate gradations between the extreme plain
and massive work of early date, and the enrichments, mouldings, and
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