Produced by Chris Curnow, Harry Lamé and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive) Transcriber’s Notes Text _between underscores_ represents text printed in italics, text =between equal signs= represents blackletter text. _{D} represents a subscript D. Small capitals have been transcribed as ALL CAPITALS. More Transcriber’s Notes may be found at the end of this text. THE PRINCIPLES OF LEATHER MANUFACTURE [Illustration: _Frontispiece._ PLATE I. SECTION OF CALF-SKIN. (For key, see Fig. 9.)] THE PRINCIPLES OF LEATHER MANUFACTURE BY H. R. PROCTER, F.I.C. F.C.S. PROFESSOR OF LEATHER INDUSTRIES AT THE YORKSHIRE COLLEGE, LEEDS; PAST PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LEATHER TRADES CHEMISTS [Illustration] =London:= E. & F. N. SPON, LIMITED, 125 STRAND =New York:= SPON & CHAMBERLAIN, 123 LIBERTY STREET 1903 =Dedicated to= PROFESSOR F. L. KNAPP GEHEIMEN HOFRATH, DR. PHIL. AND DR. ING. THE PIONEER OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN LEATHER MANUFACTURE PREFACE. The origin of the present work was an attempt to prepare a second edition of the little Text-Book of Tanning which the Author published in 1885, and which has been long out of print. Though persevered in for years, the work was never brought to completion, partly owing to the constant pressure of other duties, but still more to the rapid advances which have been made in our knowledge of the subject, and in the scientific thought which has been devoted to it. For his share in the initiation of this work, much credit is due to Wilhelm Eitner, Director of the Imperial Royal Research Institute for Leather Industries in Vienna, but the advance he began has been energetically carried forward not only in Vienna, but in the Tanning Schools and Research Institutes of Freiberg, Leeds, London, Liège, Copenhagen, Berlin and elsewhere, and to a less extent in private laboratories. Under the pressure of this rapid growth, as it was impossible to complete the work as a whole, the Author published an instalment dealing with the purely chemical side of the subject in 1898, under the title of the ‘Leather Industries Laboratory Book’; which has been translated into German, French and Italian, and of which the English edition is rapidly approaching exhaustion.