The Principles of Psychology, Volume 1 (of 2)James, William
Philosophy
The Principles of Psychology, Volume 1 (of 2)
James, William
Psychology
"So of every one who practises, apparently automatically, a
long-familiar handicraft. The smith turning his tongs as he smites
the iron, the carpenter wielding his plane, the lace-maker with her
bobbin, the weaver at his loom, all will answer the same question
in the same way by saying that they have a feeling of the proper
management of the implement in their hands.
"In these cases, the feelings which are conditions of the appropriate
acts are very faint. But none the less are they necessary. Imagine
your hands not feeling; your movements could then only be provoked
by ideas, and if your ideas were then diverted away, the movements
ought to come to a standstill, which is a consequence that seldom
occurs."[149]
Again:
"An idea makes you take, for example, a violin into your left hand.
But it is not necessary that your idea remain fixed on the contraction
of the muscles of the left hand and fingers in order that the violin
may continue to be held fast and not let fall. The sensations
themselves which the holding of the instrument awakens in the hand,
since they are associated with the motor impulse of grasping, are
sufficient to cause this impulse, which then lasts as long as the
feeling itself lasts, or until the impulse is inhibited by the idea of
some antagonistic motion."
And the same may be said of the manner in which the right hand holds
the bow:
"It sometimes happens, in beginning these simultaneous combinations,
that one movement or impulse will cease if the consciousness turn
particularly toward another, because at the outset the guiding
sensations must _all_ be strongly _felt_. The bow will perhaps slip
from the fingers, because some of the muscles have relaxed. But the
slipping is a cause of new sensations starting up in the hand, so that
the attention is in a moment brought back to the grasping of the bow.
"The following experiment shows this well: When one begins to play
on the violin, to keep him from raising his right elbow in playing
a book is placed under his right armpit, which he is ordered to hold
fast by keeping the upper arm tight against his body. The muscular
feelings, and feelings of contact connected with the book, provoke an
impulse to press it tight. But often it happens that the beginner,
whose attention gets absorbed in the production of the notes, lets
drop the book. Later, however, this never happens; the faintest
sensations of contact suffice to awaken the impulse to keep it in
its place, and the attention may be wholly absorbed by the notes and
the fingering with the left hand. _The simultaneous combination of
movements is thus in the first instance conditioned by the facility
with which in us, alongside of intellectual processes, processes of
inattentive feeling may still go on._"[150]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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