The Principles of Psychology, Volume 1 (of 2)James, William
Philosophy
The Principles of Psychology, Volume 1 (of 2)
James, William
Psychology
We see then that we are dealing with a fluctuating material. The
same object being sometimes treated as a part of me, at other times
as simply mine, and then again as if I had nothing to do with it at
all. _In its widest possible sense_, however, _a man's Self is the
sum total of all that he_ CAN _call his_, not only his body and his
psychic powers, but his clothes and his house, his wife and children,
his ancestors and friends, his reputation and works, his lands and
horses, and yacht and bank-account. All these things give him the same
emotions. If they wax and prosper, he feels triumphant; if they dwindle
and die away, he feels cast down,--not necessarily in the same degree
for each thing, but in much the same way for all. Understanding the
Self in this widest sense, we may begin by dividing the history of it
into three parts, relating respectively to--
1. Its constituents;
2. The feelings and emotions they arouse,--_Self-feelings;_
3. The actions to which they prompt,--_Self-seeking and
Self-preservation._
* * * * *
1. _The constituents of the Self_ may be divided into two classes,
those which make up respectively--
(_a_) The material Self;
(_b_) The social Self;
(_c_) The spiritual Self; and
(_d_) The pure Ego.
(_a_) The body is the innermost part of _the material Self_ in each of
us; and certain parts of the body seem more intimately ours than the
rest. The clothes come next. The old saying that the human person is
composed of three parts--soul, body and clothes--is more than a joke.
We so appropriate our clothes and identify ourselves with them that
there are few of us who, if asked to choose between having a beautiful
body clad in raiment perpetually shabby and unclean, and having an ugly
and blemished form always spotlessly attired, would not hesitate a
moment before making a decisive reply.[257] Next, our immediate family
is a part of ourselves. Our father and mother, our wife and babes, are
bone of our bone and flesh of our flesh. When they die, a part of our
very selves is gone. If they do anything wrong, it is our shame. If
they are insulted, our anger flashes forth as readily as if we stood
in their place. Our home comes next. Its scenes are part of our life;
its aspects awaken the tenderest feelings of affection; and we do not
easily forgive the stranger who, in visiting it, finds fault with its
arrangements or treats it with contempt. All these different things are
the objects of instinctive preferences coupled with the most important
practical interests of life. We all have a blind impulse to watch over
our body, to deck it with clothing of an ornamental sort, to cherish
parents, wife and babes, and to find for ourselves a home of our own
which we may live in and 'improve.'
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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