The Principles of Psychology, Volume 1 (of 2)James, William
Philosophy
The Principles of Psychology, Volume 1 (of 2)
James, William
Psychology
When I try to remember or reflect, the movements in question, instead
of being directed towards the periphery, seem to come from the
periphery inwards and feel like a sort of _withdrawal_ from the outer
world. As far as I can detect, these feelings are due to an actual
rolling outwards and upwards of the eyeballs, such as I believe occurs
in me in sleep, and is the exact opposite of their action in fixating
a physical thing. In reasoning, I find that I am apt to have a kind
of vaguely localized diagram in my mind, with the various fractional
objects of the thought disposed at particular points thereof; and the
oscillations of my attention from one of them to another are most
distinctly felt as alternations of direction in movements occurring
inside the head.[260]
In consenting and negating, and in making a mental effort, the
movements seem more complex, and I find them harder to describe.
The opening and closing of the glottis play a great part in these
operations, and, less distinctly, the movements of the soft palate,
etc., shutting off the posterior nares from the mouth. My glottis
is like a sensitive valve, intercepting my breath instantaneously
at every mental hesitation or felt aversion to the objects of my
thought, and as quickly opening, to let the air pass through my throat
and nose, the moment the repugnance is overcome. The feeling of the
movement of this air is, in me, one strong ingredient of the feeling
of assent. The movements of the muscles of the brow and eyelids also
respond very sensitively to every fluctuation in the agreeableness or
disagreeableness of what comes before my mind.
In _effort_ of any sort, contractions of the jaw-muscles and of those
of respiration are added to those of the brow and glottis, and thus the
feeling passes out of the head properly so called. It passes out of the
head whenever the welcoming or rejecting of the object is _strongly_
felt. Then a set of feelings pour in from many bodily parts, all
'expressive' of my emotion, and the head-feelings proper are swallowed
up in this larger mass.
In a sense, then, it may be truly said that, in one person at least,
_the 'Self of selves,' when carefully examined, is found to consist
mainly of the collection of these peculiar motions in the head or
between the head and throat_. I do not for a moment say that this is
_all_ it consists of, for I fully realize how desperately hard is
introspection in this field. But I feel quite sure that these cephalic
motions are the portions of my innermost activity of which I am _most
distinctly aware_. If the dim portions which I cannot yet define should
prove to be like unto these distinct portions in me, and I like other
men, _it would follow that our entire feeling of spiritual activity,
or what commonly passes by that name, is really a feeling of bodily
activities whose exact nature is by most men overlooked._
* * * * *
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account