The Principles of Psychology, Volume 1 (of 2)James, William
Philosophy
The Principles of Psychology, Volume 1 (of 2)
James, William
Psychology
Now, without pledging ourselves in any way to adopt this hypothesis,
let us dally with it for a while to see to what consequences it might
lead if it were true.
In the first place, the nuclear part of the Self, intermediary
between ideas and overt acts, would be a collection of activities
physiologically in no essential way different from the overt acts
themselves. If we divide all possible physiological acts into
_adjustments_ and _executions_, the nuclear self would be the
adjustments collectively considered; and the less intimate, more
shifting self, so far as it was active, would be the executions. But
both adjustments and executions would obey the reflex type. Both
would be the result of sensorial and ideational processes discharging
either into each other within the brain, or into muscles and other
parts outside. The peculiarity of the adjustments would be that they
are minimal reflexes, few in number, incessantly repeated, constant
amid great fluctuations in the rest of the mind's content, and
entirely unimportant and uninteresting except through their uses in
furthering or inhibiting the presence of various things, and actions
before consciousness. These characters would naturally keep us from
introspectively paying much attention to them in detail, whilst they
would at the same time make us aware of them as a coherent group of
processes, strongly contrasted with all the other things consciousness
contained,--even with the other constituents of the 'Self,' material,
social, or spiritual, as the case might be. They are reactions, and
they are _primary_ reactions. Everything arouses them; for objects
which have no other effects will for a moment contract the brow and
make the glottis close. It is as if all that visited the mind had to
stand an entrance-examination, and just show its face so as to be
either approved or sent back. These primary reactions are like the
opening or the closing of the door. In the midst of psychic change
they are the permanent core of turnings-towards and turnings-from,
of yieldings and arrests, which naturally seem central and interior
in comparison with the foreign matters, _a propos_ to which they
occur, and hold a sort of arbitrating, decisive position, quite unlike
that held by any of the other constituents of the Me. It would not
be surprising, then, if we were to feel them as the birthplace of
conclusions and the starting point of acts, or if they came to appear
as what we called a while back the 'sanctuary within the citadel' of
our personal life.[261]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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