[31] Freund (in the article cited above 'Ueber optische Aphasie und Seelenblindheit') and Bruns ('Ein Fall von Alexie,' etc., in the Neurologisches Centralblatt for 1888, pp. 581, 509) explain their cases by broken-down conduction. Wilbrand, whose painstaking monograph on mental blindness was referred to a moment ago, gives none but _a priori_ reasons for his belief that the optical 'Erinnerungsfeld' must be locally distinct from the Wahrnehmungsfeld (cf. pp. 84, 93). The _a priori_ reasons are really the other way. Mauthner ('Gehirn u. Auge' (1881), p. 487 ff.) tries to show that the 'mental blindness' of Munk's dogs and apes after occipital mutilation was not such, but real dimness of sight. The best case of mental blindness yet reported is that by Lissauer, as above. The reader will also do well to read Bernard: De l'Aphasie (1885) chap. v; Ballet: Le Langage Intérieur (1886), chap. viii; and Jas. Boss's little book on Aphasia (1887), p. 74. [32] For a case see Wernicke's Lehrb. d. Gehirnkrankheiten, vol. ii, p. 554 (1881). [33] The latest account of them is the paper 'Über die optischen Centren u. Bahnen' by von Monakow in the Archiv für Psychiatrie, vol. xx, p. 714. [34] Die Functions-Localization, etc., Dog X; see also p. 161. [35] Philos. Trans., vol. 179, p. 312. [36] Brain, vol. xi, p. 10. [37] _Ibid._ p. 147. [38] Der aphasische Symptomencomplex (1874). See in Fig. 11 the convolution marked WERNICKE. [39] 'The Pathology of Sensory Aphasia,' 'Brain,' July, 1889. [40] Nothnagel und Naunyn; _op. cit._ plates. [41] Ballet's and Bernard's works cited on p. 51 are the most accessible documents of Charcot's school. Bastian's book on the Brain as an Organ of Mind (last three chapters) is also good. [42] For details, see Ferrier's 'Functions,' chap. ix, pt. iii, and Chas. K. Mills: Transactions of Congress of American Physicians and Surgeons, 1888, vol. i, p. 278. [43] Functions of the Brain, chap. x, § 14. [44] Ueber die Functionen d. Grosshirnrinde (1881), p. 50. [45] Lezioni di Fisiologia sperimentale sul sistema nervoso encefalico (l. 73), p. 527 ff. Also 'Brain,' vol. ix, p. 298. [46] Bechterew (Pflüger's Archiv, vol. 35, p. 137) found _no_ anæsthesia in a cat with motor symptoms from ablation of sigmoid gyrus. Luciani got hyperæsthesia coexistent with cortical motor defect in a dog, by simultaneously hemisecting the spinal cord (Luciani u. Seppili, _op. cit._ p. 234). Goltz frequently found hyperæsthesia of the whole body to accompany motor defect after ablation of both frontal lobes, and he once found it after ablating the motor zone (Pflüger's Archiv, vol. 34, p. 471). [47] Philos. Transactions, vol. 179, p. 20 ff. [48] Functions, p. 375. [49] Pp. 15-17. [50] Luciani u. Seppili, _op. cit._ pp. 275-288. [51] _Op. cit._ p. 18. [52] Trans. of Congress, etc., p. 272. [53] See Exner's Unters. üb. Localization, plate xxv. [54] Cf. Ferrier's Functions, etc., chap. iv, and chap. x, §§ 6 to 9. [55] _Op. cit._ p. 17.