[56] E.g. Starr, _loc. cit._ p. 272; Leyden, Beiträge zur Lehre v. d. Localization im Gehirn (1888), p. 72. [57] Bernard, _op. cit._ p. 84. [58] Philos. Trans., vol. 179, p. 3. [59] Trans. of Congress of Am. Phys. and Surg. 1888, vol. i, p. 343. Beevor and Horsley's paper on electric stimulation of the monkey's brain is the most beautiful work yet done for precision. See Phil. Trans., vol. 179, p. 205, especially the plates. [60] Pflüger's Archiv, vol. 37, p. 523 (1885). [61] By Luys in his generally preposterous book 'The Brain'; also by Horsley. [62] C. Mercier: The Nervous System and the Mind, p. 124. [63] The frontal lobes as yet remain a puzzle. Wundt tries to explain them as an organ of 'apperception' (Grundzüge d. Physiologischen Psychologie, 3d ed., vol. i, p. 233 ff.), but I confess myself unable to apprehend clearly the Wundtian philosophy so far as this word enters into it, so must be contented with this bare reference.--Until quite recently it was common to talk of an 'ideational centre' as of something distinct from the aggregate of other centres. Fortunately this custom is already on the wane. [64] Rech. Exp. sur le Fonctionnement des Centres Psycho-moteurs (Brussels, 1885). [65] Pflüger's Archiv, vol. 44, p. 544. [66] I ought to add, however, that François-Franck (Fonctions Motrices, p. 370) got, in two dogs and a cat, a different result from this sort of 'circumvallation.' [67] For this word, see T. K. Clifford's Lectures and Essays (1879), vol. ii, p. 72. [68] See below, Chapter VIII. [69] Cf. Ferrier's Functions, pp. 120, 147, 414. See also Vulpian: Leçons sur la Physiol. du Syst. Nerveux, p. 548; Luciani u. Seppili, _op. cit._ pp. 404-5; H. Maudsley: Physiology of Mind (1876), pp. 138 ff., 197 ff., and 241 ff. In G. H. Lewes's Physical Basis of Mind, Problem IV: 'The Reflex Theory,' a very full history of the question is given. [70] Goltz: Pflüger's Archiv, vol. 8, p. 460; Freusberg: _ibid._ vol. 10, p. 174. [71] Goltz: Verrichtungen des Grosshirns, p. 78. [72] Loeb: Pflüger's Archiv, vol. 89, p. 276. [73] _Ibid._ p. 289. [74] Schrader: _ibid._ vol. 44, p. 218. [75] The Nervous System and the Mind (1888), chaps. iii, vi; also in Brain, vol. xi, p. 361. [76] Brown-Séquard has given a resume of his opinions in the Archives de Physiologie for Oct. 1889, 5me. Série, vol. i, p 751. [77] Goltz first applied the inhibition theory to the brain in his 'Verrichtungen des Grosshirns,' p. 39 ff. On the general philosophy of Inhibition the reader may consult Brunton's 'Pharmakology and Therapeutics,' p. 154 ff., and also 'Nature,' vol. 27, p. 419 ff. [78] E.g. Herzen, Herman u. Schwalbe's Jahres-bericht for 1886, Physiol. Abth. p. 38. (Experiments on new-born puppies.) [79] François-Franck: _op. cit._ p. 382. Results are somewhat contradictory. [80] Pflüger's Archiv, vol. 42, p. 419. [81] Neurologisches Centralblatt, 1889, p. 372.