The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)James, William
Science
The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)
James, William
Psychology
A certain illusion of which I have not yet spoken affords an additional
illustration of this. _When we will to execute a movement and the
movement for some reason does not occur, unless the sensation of the
part's_ NOT _moving is a strong one, we are apt to feel as if the
movement had actually taken place._ This seems habitually to be the
case in anæsthesia of the moving parts. Close the patient's eyes,
hold his anæsthetic arm still, and tell him to raise his hand to his
head; and when he opens his eyes he will be astonished to find that
the movement has not taken place. All reports of anæsthetic cases
seem to mention this illusion. Sternberg who wrote on the subject in
1885,[107] lays it down as a law that the intention to move is the same
thing as the feeling of the motion. We shall later see that this is
false (Chapter XXV); but it certainly may _suggest_ the feeling of
the motion with hallucinatory intensity. Sternberg gives the following
experiment, which I find succeeds with at least half of those who
try it: Rest your palm on the edge of the table with your forefinger
hanging over in a position of extreme flexion, and then exert your
will to flex it still more. The position of the other fingers makes
this impossible, and yet if we do not look to see the finger, we think
we feel it move. He quotes from Exner a similar experiment with the
jaws: Put some hard rubber or other unindentable obstacle between
your back teeth and bite hard: you think you feel the jaw move and the
front teeth approach each other, though in the nature of things no
movement can occur.[108]--The visual suggestion of the path traversed
by the finger-tip as the _locus_ of the movement-feeling in the
joint, which we discussed on page 41, is another example of this
semi-hallucinatory power of the suggested thing. Amputated people, as
we have learned, still feel their lost feet, etc. This is a necessary
consequence of the law of specific energies, for if the central region
correlated with the foot give rise to any feeling at all it must give
rise to the feeling of a foot.[109] But the curious thing is that many
of these patients can _will the foot to move_, and when they have done
so, distinctly _feel the movement to occur_. They can, to use their own
language, 'work' or 'wiggle' their lost toes.[110]
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