The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)James, William
Science
The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)
James, William
Psychology
"If with the finger we touch first the cheek and then the palm,
exerting each time precisely the same pressure, the sensation shows
notwithstanding a distinctly marked difference in the two cases.
Similarly, when we compare the palm with the back of the hand, the
nape of the neck with its anterior surface, the breast with the
back; in short, any two distant parts of the skin with each other.
And moreover, we easily remark, by attentively observing, that spots
even tolerably close together differ in respect of the quality of
their feeling. If we pass from one point of our cutaneous surface to
another, we find a perfectly gradual and continuous alteration in
our feeling, notwithstanding the objective nature of the contact has
remained the same. Even the sensations of corresponding points on
opposite sides of the body, though similar, are not identical. If,
for instance, we touch first the back of one hand and then of the
other, we remark a qualitative unlikeness of sensation. It must not
be thought that such differences are mere matters of imagination, and
that we take the sensations to be different because we represent each
of them to ourselves as occupying a different place. With sufficient
sharpening of the attention, we may, confining ourselves to the
quality of the feelings alone, entirely abstract from their locality,
and yet notice the differences quite as markedly."
Whether these local contrasts shade into each other with absolutely
continuous gradations, we cannot say. But we know (continues Wundt) that
"they change, when we pass from one point of the skin to its neighbor,
with very different degrees of rapidity. On delicately-feeling parts,
used principally for touching, such as the finger-tips, the difference
of sensation between two closely approximate points is already
strongly pronounced; whilst in parts of lesser delicacy, as the arm,
the back, the legs, the disparities of sensation are observable only
between distant spots."
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