The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)James, William
Science
The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)
James, William
Psychology
In the first place, following the great intellectual law of economy,
we simplify, unify, and identify as much as we possibly can. _Whatever
sensible data can be attended to together we locate together. Their
several extents seem one extent. The place at which each appears is
held to be the same with the place at which the others appear. They
become, in short, so many properties of_ ONE AND THE SAME REAL THING.
This is the first and great commandment, the fundamental 'act' by which
our world gets spatially arranged.
In this _coalescence in a 'thing_,' one of the coalescing sensations
is held to _be_ the thing, the other sensations are taken for its more
or less accidental _properties_, or modes of appearance.[182] The
sensation chosen to be the thing essentially is the most constant and
practically important of the lot; most often it is hardness or weight.
But the hardness or weight is never without tactile bulk; and as we
can always see something in our hand when we feel something there, we
equate the bulk felt with the bulk seen, and thenceforward this common
bulk is also apt to figure as of the essence of the 'thing.' Frequently
a shape so figures, sometimes a temperature, a taste, etc.; but for the
most part temperature, smell, sound, color, or whatever other phenomena
may vividly impress us simultaneously with the bulk felt or seen,
figure among the accidents. Smell and sound impress us, it is true,
when we neither see nor touch the thing; but they are strongest when we
see or touch, so we locate the _source_ of these properties within the
touched or seen space, whilst the properties themselves we regard as
overflowing in a weakened form into the spaces filled by other things.
_In all this, it will be observed, the sense-data whose spaces coalesce
into one are yielded by different sense-organs._ Such data have no
tendency to displace each other from consciousness, but can be attended
to together all at once. Often indeed they vary concomitantly and
reach a maximum together. We may be sure, therefore, that the general
rule of our mind is to locate IN _each other all_ sensations which are
associated in simultaneous experience, and do not interfere with each
other's perception.[183]
_Different impressions on the same sense-organ_ do interfere with each
other's perception, and cannot well be attended to at once. Hence _we
do not locate them in each other's spaces, but arrange them in a serial
order of exteriority, each alongside of the rest, in a space larger
than that which any one sensation brings._ This larger space, however,
is an object of conception rather than of direct intuition, and bears
all the marks of being constructed piecemeal by the mind. The blind
man forms it out of tactile, locomotor, and auditory experiences,
the seeing man out of visual ones almost exclusively. As the visual
construction is the easiest to understand, let us consider that first.
* * * * *
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account