The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)James, William
Science
The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)
James, William
Psychology
(4) The world of 'idols of the tribe,' illusions or prejudices common
to the race. All educated people recognize these as forming one
sub-universe. The motion of the sky round the earth, for example,
belongs to this world. That motion is not a recognized item of any of
the other worlds; but as an 'idol of the tribe' it really exists. For
certain philosophers 'matter' exists only as an idol of the tribe. For
science, the 'secondary qualities' of matter are but 'idols of the
tribe.'
(5) The various supernatural worlds, the Christian heaven and hell,
the world of the Hindoo mythology, the world of Swedenborg's _visa
et audita_, etc. Each of these is a consistent system, with definite
relations among its own parts. Neptune's trident, e.g., has no status
of reality whatever in the Christian heaven; but within the classic
Olympus certain definite things are true of it, whether one believe
in the reality of the classic mythology as a whole or not. The
various worlds of deliberate fable may be ranked with these worlds of
faith--the world of the _Iliad_, that of _King Lear_, of the _Pickwick
Papers_, etc.[296]
(6) The various worlds of individual opinion, as numerous as men are.
(7) The worlds of sheer madness and vagary, also indefinitely numerous.
_Every object we think of gets at last referred to one world or
another of this or of some similar list._ It settles into our belief
as a common-sense object, a scientific object, an abstract object, a
mythological object, an object of some one's mistaken conception, or
a madman's object; and it reaches this state sometimes immediately,
but often only after being hustled and bandied about amongst other
objects until it finds some which will tolerate its presence and
stand in relations to it which nothing contradicts. The molecules and
ether-waves of the scientific world, for example, simply kick the
object's warmth and color out, they refuse to have any relations with
them. But the world of 'idols of the tribe' stands ready to take them
in. Just so the world of classic myth takes up the winged horse; the
world of individual hallucination, the vision of the candle; the world
of abstract truth, the proposition that justice is kingly, though no
actual king be just. The various worlds themselves, however, appear
(as aforesaid) to most men's minds in no very definitely conceived
relation to each other, and our attention, when it turns to one, is apt
to drop the others for the time being out of its account. Propositions
concerning the different worlds are made from 'different points of
view'; and in this more or less chaotic state the consciousness of most
thinkers remains to the end. Each world _whilst it is attended to_ is
real after its own fashion; only the reality lapses with the attention.
THE WORLD OF 'PRACTICAL REALITIES.'
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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