The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)James, William
Science
The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)
James, William
Psychology
The 'stepping outside' of it is the establishment either of immediate
practical relations between it and ourselves, or of relations between
it and other objects with which we have immediate practical relations.
Relations of this sort, which are as yet not transcended or superseded
by others, are _ipso facto_ real relations, and confer reality upon
their objective term. _The fons et origo of all reality, whether from_
_the absolute or the practical point of view, is thus subjective, is
ourselves._ As bare logical thinkers, without emotional reaction, we
give reality to whatever objects we think of, for they are really
phenomena, or objects of our passing thought, if nothing more. But,
_as thinkers with emotional reaction, we give what seems to us a still
higher degree of reality to whatever things we select and emphasize
and turn to_ WITH A WILL. These are our _living_ realities; and not
only these, but all the other things which are intimately connected
with these. Reality, starting from our Ego, thus sheds itself from
point to point--first, upon all objects which have an immediate sting
of interest for our Ego in them, and next, upon the objects most
continuously related with these. It only fails when the connecting
thread is lost. A whole system may be real, if it only hang to our
Ego by one immediately _stinging_ term. But what contradicts any such
stinging term, even though it be another stinging term itself, is
either not believed, or only believed after settlement of the dispute.
* * * * *
We reach thus the important conclusion that _our own reality, that
sense of our own life which we at every moment possess, is the ultimate
of ultimates for our belief._ 'As sure as I exist!'--this is our
uttermost warrant for the being of all other things. As Descartes made
the indubitable reality of the _cogito_ go bail for the reality of all
that the _cogito_ involved, so we all of us, feeling our own present
reality with absolutely coercive force, ascribe an all but equal degree
of reality, first to whatever things we lay hold on with a sense of
personal need, and second, to whatever farther things continuously
belong with these. "Mein Jetzt und Hier," as Prof. Lipps says, "ist der
letzte Angelpunkt für alle Wirklichkeit, also alle Erkenntniss."
The world of living realities as contrasted with unrealities is thus
anchored in the Ego, considered as an active and emotional term.[302]
That is the hook from which the rest dangles, the absolute support.
And as from a painted hook it has been said that one can only hang
a painted chain, so conversely, from a real hook only a real chain
can properly be hung. _Whatever things have intimate and continuous
connection with my life are things of whose reality I cannot doubt._
Whatever things fail to establish this connection are things which are
practically no better for me than if they existed not at all.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account