The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)James, William
Science
The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)
James, William
Psychology
The reader will find further details in Mr. Galton's 'Inquiries
into Human Faculty,' pp. 83-114.[57] I have myself for many years
collected from each and all of my psychology-students descriptions of
their own visual imagination; and found (together with some curious
idiosyncrasies) corroboration of all the variations which Mr. Galton
reports. As examples, I subjoin extracts from two cases near the
ends of the scale. The writers are first cousins, grandsons of a
distinguished man of science. The one who is a good visualizer says:
"This morning's breakfast-table is both dim and bright; it is dim if
I try to think of it when my eyes are open upon any object; it is
perfectly clear and bright if I think of it with my eyes closed.--All
the objects are clear at once, yet when I confine my attention to any
one object it becomes far more distinct.--I have more power to recall
color than any other one thing: if, for example, I were to recall a
plate decorated with flowers I could reproduce in a drawing the exact
tone, etc. The color of anything that was on the table is perfectly
vivid.--There is very little limitation to the extent of my images:
I can see all four sides of a room, I can see all four sides of two,
three, four, even more rooms with such distinctness that if you should
ask me what was in any particular place in any one, or ask me to count
the chairs, etc., I could do it without the least hesitation.--The
more I learn by heart the more clearly do I see images of my pages.
Even before I can recite the lines I see them so that I could give
them very slowly word for word, but my mind is so occupied in looking
at my printed image that I have no idea of what I am saying, of the
sense of it, etc. When I first found myself doing this I used to think
it was merely because I knew the lines imperfectly; but I have quite
convinced myself that I really do see an image. The strongest proof
that such is really the fact is, I think, the following:
"I can look down the mentally seen page and see the words that
_commence_ all the lines, and from any one of these words I can
continue the line. I find this much easier to do if the words begin
in a straight line than if there are breaks. Example:
_Étant fait...._
_Tous...._
_A des...._
_Que fit...._
_Céres...._
_Avec...._
_Un fleur...._
_Comme...._
(_La Fontaine_ 8. iv.)"
The poor visualizer says:
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