PAGE 14.. TO 1462 1 Origin of the Book--Engravers in relief--The St. Christopher of 1423--Origin of the Xylographs--The Xylographs, _Donatus_, and _Speculum_--The Laurent Coster legend--From block books to movable characters--John Gaensefleisch, called Gutenberg--The Strasbourg trial--Gutenberg at Mayence--Fust and Schoeffer--The letters of indulgence--The Bible--The "Catholicon"--The Mayence Bible--Causes of the dispersion of the first Mayence printers--General considerations. CHAPTER II. 1462 TO 1500 33 The Book and the printers of the second generation--The German workmen dispersed through Europe--Caxton and the introduction of printing into England--Nicholas Jenson and his supposed mission to Mayence--The first printing in Paris; William Fichet and John Heinlein--The first French printers; their installation at the Sorbonne and their publications--The movement in France--The illustration of the Book commenced in Italy--The Book in Italy; engraving in relief and metal plates--The Book in Germany: Cologne, Nuremberg, Basle--The Book in the Low Countries--French schools of ornament of the Book; Books of Hours; booksellers at the end of the fifteenth century--Literary taste in titles in France at the end of the fifteenth century--Printers and booksellers' marks--The appearance of the portrait in the Book--Progress in England--Caxton and his followers. CHAPTER III. 1500 TO 1600 98 French epics and the Renaissance--Venice and Aldus Manutius--Italian illustrators--The Germans; _Theuerdanck_, Schäufelein--The Book in other countries--French books at the beginning of the century, before the accession of Francis I.--Geoffroy Tory and his works--Francis I. and the Book--Robert Estienne--Lyons a centre of bookselling; Holbein's Dances of Death--School of Basle--Alciati's emblems and the illustrated books of the middle of the century--The school of Fontainebleau and its influence--Solomon Bernard--Cornelis de la Haye and the _Promptuaire_--John Cousin--Copper plate engraving and metal plates--Woériot--The portrait in the Book of the sixteenth century--How a book was illustrated on wood at the end of the century--Influence of Plantin on the Book; his school of engravers--General considerations--Progress in England--Coverdale's Bible--English printers and their work--Engraved plates in English books. CHAPTER IV. 1600 TO 1700 151