§263. Dressing of the Hair.--The Roman woman regularly wore no hat, but covered the head when necessary with the _stola_ or with a veil. Much attention was given to the arrangement of the hair, the fashions being as numerous and as inconstant as they are to-day. For young girls the favorite arrangement, perhaps, was to comb the hair back and gather it into a knot (_nōdus_) on the back of the neck. For matrons it will be sufficient to call attention to the figures already given (§§77, 259, 261), and to show from statues five styles (Fig. 102) worn at different times under the Empire, all belonging to ladies of the court. §264. For keeping the hair in position pins were used of ivory, silver, and gold, often mounted with jewels. Nets (_rēticula_) and ribbons (_vittae_, _taeniae_, _fasciolae_) were also worn, but combs were not made a part of the head-dress. The Roman woman of fashion did not scruple to color her hair, the golden-red color of the Greek hair being especially admired, or to use false hair, which had become an article of commercial importance early in the Empire. Mention should also be made of the garlands (_corōnae_) of flowers, or of flowers and foliage, and of the coronets of pearls and other precious stones that were used to supplement the natural or artificial beauty of the hair. These are illustrated in Fig. 102 above. [Illustration: FIGURE 103. TOILET ARTICLES] §265. The woman's hairdresser was a female slave (§150), and Juvenal tells us that she suffered cruelly from the impatience of her mistress (§158), who found the long hairpins shown in the figure a convenient instrument of punishment, The _ōrnātrīx_ was an adept in all the tricks of the toilet already mentioned, and besides used all sorts of unguents, oils, and tonics to make the hair soft and lustrous and to cause it to grow abundantly. In Fig. 103 are shown a number of common toilet articles: _a_, _b_, _c_, _h_, _i_, and _k_ are hairpins, _d_ and _g_ are hand mirrors made of highly polished metal, _f_ is a comb, and _e_ a box for pomatum or powder. [Illustration: FIGURE 104. THE PARASOL] [Illustration: FIGURE 105. FANS (See also Figure 73, §226)]