§19. The Splitting Up of a House.--Emancipation was not very common and it usually happened that the household was dissolved only by the death of the Head. When this occurred, as many new households were formed as there were persons directly subject to his _potestās_ at the moment of his death: wife, sons, unmarried daughters, widowed daughters-in-law, and children of a deceased son. The children of a surviving son, it must be noticed, merely passed from the _potestās_ of their grandfather to that of their father. A son under age or an unmarried daughter was put under the care of a guardian (_tūtor_), selected from the same _gēns_, very often an older brother, if there was one. The following diagram will make this clearer: 1Gaius (_pater familiās_) = (†)2Gaia (_māter familiās_) | --------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | 3Faustus = 4Tullia (†)5Balbus = 6Licinia 7Publius 8Terentia | | | 9Marcus = 10Terentia Minor ----------- ------------ | | | | | ------------ 11Titus 12Tiberius 13Quintus 14Sextius | | 15Servius 16Decimus §20. It is assumed that Gaius is a widower who has had five children, three sons and two daughters. Of the sons, Faustus and Balbus married and had each two children; Balbus then died. Of the daughters, Terentia Minor married Marcus and became the mother of two children. Publius and Terentia were unmarried at the death of Gaius, who had emancipated none of his children. It will be noticed: 1. The living descendants of Gaius were ten (3, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16), his son Balbus being dead. 2. Subject to his _potestās_ were nine (3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14). 3. His daughter Terentia Minor (10) had passed out of his _potestās_ by her marriage with Marcus (9), and her children (15, 16) alone out of all the descendants of Gaius had not been subject to him. 4. At his death are formed six independent families, one consisting of four persons (3, 4, 11, 12), the others of one person each (6, 7, 8, 13, 14). 5. Titus and Tiberius (11, 12) have merely passed out of the _potestās_ of their grandfather Gaius to come under that of their father Faustus.