Of course, much could be said in this respect, but perhaps it will be
best if I give you a new comparison and a new example. Just remember the
differences which developed, during the late war, between the actual
front and the hinterland. We were apparently never surprised to observe
that there were certain things going on at the front, utterly different
from analogous developments in the hinterland, and that in the
hinterland many a thing was permissible which had to be strictly
prohibited at the front. In the war, the deciding factor, of course, was
the proximity of the enemy. In our psychical life, the deciding factor
is the proximity of the outer world. Remember that in ancient times
“outside,” “strange,” “hostile,” used to be identical conceptions.
And now, the example I promised you: The “It” is never assailed by any
conflicts. Within the “It,” contradiction and opposition dwell
undisturbed in close proximity to each other, frequently equalizing one
another by means of compromise. However, while the “It” thus remains
undisturbed, the “I” cannot avoid facing conflicts, and the only way for
the “I” to escape the dilemma is by renouncing some particular
intention, or urge, for the benefit of the other.
The “I” is controlled by a very remarkable trend for unification, for
synthesis—a characteristic utterly lacking in the “It.” The latter never
manifests such unity of intention, but rather displays a tendency
towards dissipation and a diversity of aims, utterly independent of one
another, and without regard to each other.
“If there really is such an important hinterland of the soul, how do you
explain the fact that it was never discovered before the advent of
psychoanalysis?”
By this question, you are leading us back to one of your former
inquiries. Let me advise you, then, that orthodox psychology blocked its
own way to the “It,” by holding on tenaciously to a presumption which,
in itself, seemed obviously enough but which, nevertheless, cannot be
successfully sustained any more. It was presumed that all psychical
activations are conscious, that consciousness is the characteristic of
any psychological process, and that if there really were unconscious
processes of our brain, these processes did not deserve to be termed
psychological processes, having nothing at all to do with psychology
proper.
“I should say that this is self-evident!”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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