TABLE XVIII _Development of Jute Industry and Trade_ ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Average Annual of each Quinquennium. ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Growth of Trade. 1870–71 1875–76 1880–81 1885–86 1890–91 to to to to to 1874–75. 1879–80. 1884–85. 1889–90. 1894–95. ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Exports— ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Raw, million 5·72 5·58 7·81 9·31 10·54 cwt. ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Gunny bags, 6·44 35·96 60·32 79·98 120·74 millions. ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Cloth, million — 4·71 6·44 19·79 54·20 yds. ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── _Growth of Industry_. ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Number of — ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Mills — 21 21 24 26 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Looms, 000 — 5·5 5·5 7 8·3 omitted ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Spindles, 000 — 88 88 138·4 172·4 omitted ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Persons — 38·8 38·8 52·7 64·3 employed, in thousands ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── This increasing trend towards manufactures was not without its indirect effects on the course of Indian agriculture. Prior to 1870 the Indian farmer, it may be said, had no commercial outlook. He cultivated not so much for profit as for individual self-sufficiency. After 1870 farming tended to become a business and crops came more and more to be determined by the course of market prices than by the household needs of the farmer. [pg 104] TABLE XIX _Growth of Agricultural Exports of India_