[36: At Clunia there was found a dedication to the Mothers (_C. I. L._ ii. 2776)--the only Spanish example of this worship so widely diffused and so long continuing among the western Celts--at Uxama, one set up to the _Lugoves_ (_ib._ 2818), a deity that recurs among the Celts of Aventicum.] [37: The choliambics (i. 61) run thus:-- _Verona docti syllabas amat vatis, Marone felix Mantua est, Censetur Apona Livio suo tellus Stellaque nec Flacco minus, Apollodoro plaudit imbrifer Nilus, Nasone Peligni sonant, Duosque Senecas unicumque Lucanum Facunda loquitur Corduba, Gaudent iocosae Canio suo Gades, Emerita Deciano meo: Te, Liciniane, gloriabitur nostra, Nec me tacebit Bilbilis._] CHAPTER III. THE GALLIC PROVINCES. Like Spain, southern Gaul had already in the time of the republic become a part of the Roman empire, yet neither so early nor so completely as the former country. The two Spanish provinces were instituted in the age of Hannibal, the province Narbo in that of the Gracchi; and, while in the former case Rome took to itself the whole Peninsula, in the latter it was not merely content, down to the last age of the republic, with the possession of the coast, but even of this it directly took only the smaller and the more remote half. The republic was not wrong in designating what it so possessed as the town-domain of Narbo (Narbonne); the greater part of the coast, nearly from Montpellier to Nice, belonged to the city of Massilia. This Greek community was more a state than a city, and through its powerful position the equal alliance subsisting from of old with Rome obtained a real significance, such as had no parallel in any second allied city. It is true, nevertheless, that the Romans were for these neighbouring Greeks, still more than for the more remote Greeks of the East, shield as well as sword. The Massaliots had probably the lower Rhone as far up as Avignon in their possession; but the Ligurian and the Celtic cantons of the interior were by no means subject to them, and the Roman standing camp at Aquae Sextiae (Aix) a day's march to the north of Massilia, was, quite in the true and proper sense, instituted for the permanent protection of the wealthy Greek mercantile city. It was one of the most momentous consequences of the Roman civil war, that along with the legitimate republic its most faithful ally, the city of Massilia, was politically annihilated, was converted from a state sharing rule into a community which continued free of the empire and Greek, but preserved its independence and its Hellenism in the modest proportions of a provincial middle-sized town. In a political aspect there is nothing more to be said of Massilia after its capture in the civil war; the town was thenceforth for Gaul only what Neapolis was for Italy--the centre of Greek culture and Greek learning. Inasmuch as the greater part of the later province of Narbo only at that time came