Transcriber's Notes: Italic text is marked _thus_. The original accentuation, spelling and hyphenation has been retained. See further Transcriber's Notes which follow the Index. THE PROVINCES OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE FROM CAESAR TO DIOCLETIAN [Illustration: Printer's Mark] MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED LONDON · BOMBAY · CALCUTTA · MELBOURNE THE MACMILLAN COMPANY NEW YORK · BOSTON · CHICAGO · ATLANTA · SAN FRANCISCO THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, LTD. TORONTO THE PROVINCES OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE FROM CAESAR TO DIOCLETIAN BY THEODOR MOMMSEN TRANSLATED WITH THE AUTHOR’S SANCTION AND ADDITIONS BY WILLIAM P. DICKSON, D.D., LL.D. PROFESSOR OF DIVINITY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW VOL. II _WITH TWO MAPS BY PROFESSOR KIEPERT_ MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED ST. MARTIN’S STREET, LONDON 1909 _First Edition 1886_ _Reprinted with corrections 1909_ CONTENTS BOOK EIGHTH _THE PROVINCES AND PEOPLE, FROM CAESAR TO DIOCLETIAN_ PAGE CHAPTER IX. THE EUPHRATES FRONTIER AND THE PARTHIANS 1 CHAPTER X. SYRIA AND THE LAND OF THE NABATAEANS 116 CHAPTER XI. JUDAEA AND THE JEWS 160 CHAPTER XII. EGYPT 232 CHAPTER XIII. THE AFRICAN PROVINCES 303 APPENDIX 347 MAPS I. to II. INDEX 355 CHAPTER IX. THE EUPHRATES FRONTIER AND THE PARTHIANS. [Sidenote: The empire of Iran.]