The Provinces of the Roman Empire, from Caesar to Diocletian. v. 2Mommsen, Theodor
History
The Provinces of the Roman Empire, from Caesar to Diocletian. v. 2
Mommsen, Theodor
Roman provinces -- Administration; Rome -- History -- Empire, 30 B.C.-476 A.D.
[33] The report in Tacitus, _Ann._ xiii. 34-41, embraces beyond doubt
the campaigns of 58 and 59, since Tacitus under the year 59 is silent
as to the Armenian campaign, while under the year 60, _Ann._ xiv. 23
joins on immediately to xiii. 41, and evidently describes merely a
single campaign; generally, where he condenses in this way, he as a
rule anticipates. That the war cannot have begun only in 59, is further
confirmed by the fact that Corbulo observed the solar eclipse of 30th
April 59 on Armenian soil (Plin. _H. N._ ii. 70, 180); had he not
entered the country till 59, he could hardly have crossed the enemy’s
frontier so early in the year. The narrative of Tacitus, _Ann._ xiii,
34-41, does not in itself show an intercalation of a year, but with his
mode of narrating it admits the possibility that the first year was
spent in the crossing of the Euphrates and the settling in Armenia, and
so the winter mentioned in _c._ 35 is that of the year 58-9, especially
as in view of the character of the army such a beginning to the war
would be quite in place, and in view of the short Armenian summer
it was militarily convenient thus to separate the marching into the
country and the conduct proper of the war.
[34] From the representation of Tacitus, _Ann._ xv. 6, the partiality
and the perplexity are clearly seen. He does not venture to express the
surrender of Armenia to Tiridates, and only leaves the reader to infer
it.
[35] This is said by Tacitus himself, _Ann._ xv. 10: _nec a Corbulone
properatum, quo gliscentibus periculis etiam subsidii laus augeretur_,
in naive unconcern at the severe censure which this praise involves.
How partial is the tone of the whole account resting on Corbulo’s
despatches, is shown among other things by the circumstance that
Paetus is reproached in one breath with the inadequate provisioning
of the camp (xv. 8) and with the surrender of it in spite of copious
supplies (xv. 16), and the latter fact is inferred from this, that
the retiring Romans preferred to destroy the stores which, according
to the capitulation, were to be delivered to the Parthians. As the
exasperation against Tiberius found its expression in the painting of
Germanicus in fine colours, so did the exasperation against Nero in the
picture of Corbulo.
[36] The statement of Corbulo that Paetus bound himself on oath in
presence of his soldiers and of the Parthian deputies to send no troops
to Armenia till the arrival of Nero’s answer, is declared by Tacitus,
_Ann._ xv. 16, unworthy of credit; it is in keeping with the state of
the case, and nothing was done to the contrary.
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