The Provinces of the Roman Empire, from Caesar to Diocletian. v. 2Mommsen, Theodor
History
The Provinces of the Roman Empire, from Caesar to Diocletian. v. 2
Mommsen, Theodor
Roman provinces -- Administration; Rome -- History -- Empire, 30 B.C.-476 A.D.
[37] As, according to Tacitus, _Ann._ xv. 25 (comp. Dio, lxii. 22),
Nero dismissed graciously the envoys of Vologasus, and allowed them
to see the possibility of an understanding if Tiridates appeared
in person, Corbulo may in this case have acted according to his
instructions; but this was rather perhaps one of the turns added in the
interest of Corbulo. That these events were brought under discussion
in the trial to which he was subjected some years after, is probable
from the statement that one of the officers of the Armenian campaign
became his accuser. The identity of the cohort-prefect, Arrius Varus,
in Tacitus, _Ann._ xiii. 9, and of the primipilus, _Hist._ iii. 6, has
been without reason disputed; comp. on _C. I. L._ v. 867.
[38] In Ziata (Charput) there have been found two inscriptions of a
fort, which one of the legions led by Corbulo over the Euphrates, the
3d Gallica, constructed there by Corbulo’s orders in the year 64 (_Eph.
epigr._ v. p. 25).
[39] Nero intended _inter reliqua bella_, an Ethiopian one (Plin. vi.
29, comp. 184). To this the sending of troops to Alexandria (Tacitus,
_Hist._ i. 31, 70) had reference.
[40] As the aim of the expedition both Tacitus, _Hist._ i. 6, and
Suetonius, _Ner._ 19, indicate the Caspian gates, _i.e._ the pass
of the Caucasus between Tiflis and Vladi-Kavkas at Darial, which,
according to the legend, Alexander closed with iron gates (Plin. _H.
N._ vi. 11, 30; Josephus, _Bell. Jud._ vii. 7, 4; Procopius, _Pers._
i. 10). Both from this locality and from the whole scheme of the
expedition it cannot possibly have been directed against the Albani
on the western shore of the Caspian Sea; here, as well as at another
passage (_Ann._ ii. 68, _ad Armenios, inde Albanos Heniochosque_), only
the Alani can be meant, who in Josephus, _l. c._ and elsewhere appear
just at this spot and are frequently confounded with the Caucasian
Albani. No doubt the account of Josephus is also confused. If here the
Albani, with consent of the king of the Hyrcanians, invade Media and
then Armenia through the Caspian gates, the writer has been thinking
of the other Caspian gate eastward from Rhagae; but this must be his
mistake, since the latter pass, situated in the heart of the Parthian
kingdom, cannot possibly have been the aim of the Neronian expedition,
and the Alani had their seats not on the eastern shore of the Caspian
but to the north of the Caucasus. On account of this expedition the
best of the Roman legions, the 14th, was recalled from Britain,
although it went only as far as Pannonia (Tacitus, _Hist._ ii. 11,
comp. 27, 66), and a new legion, the 1st Italic, was formed by Nero
(Suetonius, _Ner._ 19). One sees from this what was the scale on which
the project was conceived.
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