The Psychology of Arithmetic

Name: The Psychology of Arithmetic
Author: Thorndike, Edward L. (Edward Lee)

Thorndike, Edward L. (Edward Lee)

Arithmetic -- Study and teaching

#Step 5.#
    _a._ Add 4 ft. 6-1/2 in., 53-1/4 in., 5 ft. 1/2 in., 56-3/4 in.,
          and 5 ft.
    _b._ Add 7 lb., 6 lb. 11 oz., 7-1/2 lb., 6 lb. 4-1/2 oz.,
          and 8-1/2 lb.
    _c._ Add 1 hr. 6 min. 20 sec., 58 min. 15 sec., 1 hr. 4 min.,
          and 55 min.
    _d._ Add 7 dollars, 13 half dollars, 21 quarters, 17 dimes,
          and 19 nickels.

  #Step 4.#
    _a._ Add .05-1/2, .06, .04-3/4, .02-3/4, and .05-1/4.
    _b._ Add .33-1/3, .12-1/2, .18, .16-2/3, .08-1/3 and .15.
    _c._ Add .08-1/3, .06-1/4, .21, .03-3/4, and .16-2/3.
    _d._ Add .62, .64-1/2, .66-2/3, .10-1/4, and .68.

  #Step 3.#
    _a._ Add 7-1/4, 6-1/2, 8-3/8, 5-3/4, 9-5/8 and 3-7/8.
    _b._ Add 4-5/8, 12, 7-1/2, 8-3/4, 6 and 5-1/4.
    _c._ Add 9-3/4, 5-7/8, 4-1/8, 6-1/2, 7, 3-5/8.
    _d._ Add 12, 8-1/2, 7-1/3, 5, 6-2/3, and 9-1/2.

  #Step 2.#
    _a._ Add 12.04, .96, 4.7, 9.625, 3.25, and 20.
    _b._ Add .58, 6.03, .079, 4.206, 2.75, and 10.4.
    _c._ Add 52, 29.8, 41.07, 1.913, 2.6, and 110.
    _d._ Add 29.7, 315, 26.75, 19.004, 8.793, and 20.05.

  #Step 1.#
    _a._ Add 10-3/5, 11-1/5, 10-4/5, 11, 11-2/5, 10-3/5, and 11.
    _b._ Add 7-3/8, 6-5/8, 8, 9-1/8, 7-7/8, 5-3/8, and 8-1/8.
    _c._ Add 21-1/2, 18-3/4, 31-1/2, 19-1/4, 17-1/4, 22, and 16-1/2.
    _d._ Add 14-5/12, 12-7/12, 9-11/12, 6-1/12, and 5.


A Subtraction Ladder [Thorndike, '17, III, 11]

  #Step 9.#
    _a._  2.16 mi. - 1-3/4 mi.
    _b._  5.72 ft. - 5 ft. 3 in.
    _c._  2 min. 10-1/2 sec. - 93.4 sec.
    _d._  30.28 A. - 10-1/5 A.
    _e._  10 gal. 2-1/2 qt. - 4.623 gal.

  #Step 8.#
     _a_             _b_            _c_            _d_            _e_
    25-7/12         10-1/4          9-5/16         5-7/16         4-2/3
    12-3/4           7-1/3          6-3/8          2-3/4          1-3/4
    -------         ------          ------         ------         -----

  #Step 7.#
     _a_             _b_            _c_            _d_            _e_
    28-3/4          40-1/2         10-1/4         24-1/3         37-1/2
    16-1/8          14-3/8          6-1/2         11-1/2         14-3/4
    ------          ------         ------         ------         ------

  #Step 6.#
     _a_             _b_            _c_            _d_            _e_
    10-1/3           7-1/4         15-1/8         12-1/5          4-1/16
     4-2/3           2-3/4          6-3/8         11-4/5          2-7/16
    ------           -----         ------         ------          ------

  #Step 5.#
     _a_             _b_            _c_            _d_            _e_
    58-4/5          66-2/3         28-7/8         62-1/2          9-7/12
    52-1/5          33-1/3          7-5/8         37-1/2          4-5/12
    ------          ------         ------         ------          ------

  #Step 4.#
    _a._  4 hr. - 2 hr. 17 min.
    _b._  4 lb. 7 oz. - 2 lb. 11 oz.
    _c._  1 lb. 5 oz. - 13 oz.
    _d._  7 ft. - 2 ft. 8 in.
    _e._  1 bu. - 1 pk.

Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.

The Psychology of Arithmetic

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