Private and representative rôles of officials, 76. Selection of rulers by irrelevant methods, 78. The problem of control of officials, 82. Meanings of democracy, 83. Fallacy as to origin of democratic government, 84. Influence of non-political factors, 85. The origin of “individualism,” 86. Influence of the new industry; the theory of “natural” economic laws, 90. James Mill’s philosophy of democratic government, 93. Criticism of “individualism,” 95. Criticism of antithesis of natural and artificial, 102. Wants and aims as functions of social life, 104. Persistence of pre-industrial institutions, 108. Final problem, 109. IV. ECLIPSE OF THE PUBLIC 110 Local origin of American democratic government, 111. National unification due to technological factors, 114. Submergence of the public, 116. Disparity of inherited ideas and machinery with actual conditions, 117. Illustrations of resulting failures, 119. Problem of discovering the public, 122. Democracy versus the expert, 123. Explanation of eclipse of public, 126. Illustrated by the World War, 127. Application of criteria of the public, 129. Failure of traditional principles, 131. Political apathy accounted for, 134. Need of experts, 135. Rivals of political interest, 138. Ideals and instrumentalities, 141. V. SEARCH FOR THE GREAT COMMUNITY 143 Democracy as idea and as governmental behavior, 143. Problem of the Great Community, 147. Meaning of the democratic ideal, 148. Democracy and community life, 149. Community and associated activity, 151. Communication and the community, 152. Intellectual conditions of the Great Community, 155. Habit and intelligence, 158. Science and knowledge, 163. Limitations upon social inquiry, 166. Isolation of social inquiry, 171. Pure and applied science, 172. Communication and public opinion, 173. Limitations of distribution of knowledge, 176. Communication as art, 183. VI. THE PROBLEM OF METHOD 185