Produced by Thiers Halliwell, Chris Curnow and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive) Transcriber’s notes: This plain text e-book contains tables, equations and chemical formulae, some of which cannot be rendered very realistically in plain text format – the html version is stongly recommended, viewed with a standard web browser. Italic script is denoted by _underscores_ and bold by *asterisks*. Subscripted text is enclosed within {} and preceded by an underscore, e.g. Ca(OH)_{2}. Superscripted text is likewise enclosed but preceded by ^, e.g. 10^{-5·2}. The text of the book has mostly been preserved in its original form, including inconsistent italics, capitalisation, and hyphenation. However, some defects have been corrected silently, such as missing/inconsistent punctuation, parentheses and spacing, and an erroneous ÷ has been replaced by − in a fraction in footnote 69. Tables have been formatted to match the originasl, but a large table that was originally split over four pages (pp. 98–101), has been condensed into two sections. Footnotes have been numbered and positioned below the relevant paragraphs, and some illustrations have been moved closer to the relevant text. The following typographic corrections have been made: mutiplied → multiplied Kothbeize → Kothbeizen of → on phenolphtalein → phenolphthalein hydroxylion → hydroxyl ion Ca(OH_{2}) → Ca(OH)_{2} pepsine → pepsin bibliographic xref (9) → (19) The following inconsistent spellings have not been altered: Frankfort a/M – Frankfort o/M Zenckeri – zenkeri Casenin – Caseuin Kentniss – Kenntnis – Kenntniss resistant – resistent c.c. – c.cm. ureaæ – ureæ ae – æ THE PUERING, BATING & DRENCHING OF SKINS _Scientia et potentia humana in idem coincidunt, quia ignoratio causæ destituit effectum. Natura enim non nisi parendo vincitur: et quod in contemplatione instar causæ est, id in operatione instar regulæ est._ Knowledge and human power are synonymous, since the ignorance of the cause frustrates the effect; for nature is only subdued by submission, and that, which in contemplative philosophy corresponds with the cause, in practical science becomes the rule.--BACON, _Aphorism III_. THE PUERING, BATING & DRENCHING OF SKINS BY JOSEPH TURNEY WOOD DIRECTOR OF TURNEY BROTHERS, LIMITED, NOTTINGHAM; EXAMINER IN LEATHER TANNING, DRESSING OF SKINS, AND LEATHER DYEING TO THE CITY AND GUILDS OF LONDON INSTITUTE; MEMBER OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LEATHER TRADES CHEMISTS, ETC.