*Sucanine.*--This is a French bate, put on the market by Messrs. Muller and Co., Rouen; it is described as “concentrated dog puer, chemically clean, i.e., all foreign matters have been eliminated and it contains only that which is really necessary.” The directions state that the quantity to be used is the same as of dog puer prepared ready for use. The paddle is kept at a temperature of 30° C. This material was found to be a liquid containing ammonium sulphide, phosphates and chlorides of sodium in solution, a considerable quantity of solid matter in suspension consisted of calcium phosphate and calcium sulphide. There was sufficient organic matter to permit of bacteria growing in the diluted liquid. It had no harmful effect on skins and “brought down” most sheep skins in an effective manner; some resistant skins appeared to require further puering. *Purgatol* is a patent bate put on the market by Dr. G. Eberle and Co., of Stuttgart. 1-3/4 lb. is said to be sufficient to bate 100 lb. wet pelt in 1–2 hours at 38°–40° C. It is a dark brown liquid with an unpleasant smell. When boiled with potash it gives volatile alkaline products. Distilled with sulphuric acid it gives an acid distillate consisting of organic acids mostly of the fatty series. It contains amines and volatile nitrogenous bases, but no enzymes or bacteria. It must therefore be classed as a deliming agent and not as a true bate or puer. *“Esco.”*--This recent artificial bate is of an acid character, and is said to have an action intermediate between the bran drench and pigeon dung; it contains no animal enzymes, but appears to contain some vegetable enzymes of a lipatic character; it also contains 18 per cent. of ammonium chloride in which respect it resembles “Oropon.” It is manufactured by E. Stickelberger and Co., Haltigen, near Basle. Other artificial bates are treated of in the next chapter under the respective patents. There is also an interesting article on new bates by Eitner in Der Gerber, Nos. 878 and 879, 1911. See also Collegium, 1911, p. 402. CHAPTER VIII. PATENTS. In Chapter VII. we have described a few of the many artificial bates which have been proposed, and for which in many cases patents have been taken out. It would be impossible within the limits of a single chapter to give an adequate account of all these patents, and therefore it is not proposed to deal with those which are merely deliming processes, but solely those in which the use of bacteria and enzymes is directly applied. We mention, however, one or two of the more interesting deliming patents.[143] [143] A most useful source of information is Section XV. (Journal and Patent Literature) in the Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, published fortnightly at Palace Chambers, Westminster. Abstracts of all patents relating to bates will be found under the above heading.