7. A bating liquor or bate containing enzymes of the same character as the enzymes contained in dog dung and obtained from bacteria found on the roots of hairs during the sweating process, from two to six grm. of lactic acid, and neutralized by ammonia substantially as herein set forth. 8. A bating liquor or bate containing enzymes produced from bacteria obtained from dog dung and cultivated in a medium composed of fifty parts of gelatin, one part of potassium or sodium phosphate, one part of sodium chloride and two thousand five hundred parts of water, two to six grm. of lactic acid to each litre of liquor and neutralized by the addition of ammonia substantially as herein described. *Oropon* (German Patent 200,519, July 21, 1908).--Process for Bating Hides. Dr. Otto Röhm, Esslingen a/Neckar. In the present process, a watery extract of the pancreas in combination with ammonia or alkaline salts or mixtures of these salts is used as a bate liquor. The object of the process is to replace the dung bate. From the researches of Wood[145] also Jettmar[146] it appears that the peculiar behaviour of the dog dung bate is to be attributed to the action of enzymes in combination with organic amine compounds and ammonia salts. Starting from the assumption that other enzymes, known to have an action on hide substance, might have an analogous action to the dog dung bate, the author discovered that the trypsin of the pancreas had exactly the same bating action as the enzymes of dog dung. The action is aided by the fat-splitting enzyme of the pancreas, steapsin, which saponifies the fat in the hides. [145] J.S.C.I. 1898, pp. 1010 to 1013, and 1899, pp. 990 to 993. [146] An abstract of Wood’s work. 1901, p. 148, section 4, p. 149. A good bating action is obtained by a watery extract of pancreas, by the addition of an ammonium salt, which changes the caustic lime (from the limed pelt) into a soluble lime salt, and gradually reduces the alkalinity of the bate liquor caused by the lime in the skins, since the ammonia liberated by the lime escapes to a great extent from the liquor. The favourable action of the ammonium salt on the skins causes them to fall and become thinner, nor do they become rough when placed in clean water after bating, as a strongly alkaline skin will if placed in water containing calcium carbonate. For example, the process may be conducted by extracting a pancreas weighing about 250 grm. with 1 litre of water, and adding 10 c.c. of such extract to 990 c.c. of a solution containing 0·15 per cent. ammonium hydrosulphide and 0·3 per cent. sodium chloride. Such a solution forms a very active bate. In place of the ammonium hydrosulphide, any other ammonium salt yielding a soluble lime salt may be used, e.g., ammonium chloride.