The liquid has the same composition as the puer liquor out of which the goods have been taken, and in addition contains large quantities of pigment granules, wool roots, and some skin substance, which together constitute the so-called “filth” of the skin. Analysis of a scud from English sheep grains showed only 0·164 per cent. N, equivalent to about 1 per cent. skin substance (9·15 grm. per litre). Fat, 7·9 grm. per litre. Eberle and Krall have recently[40] analysed the fatty matter which adheres to the men’s knives in scudding lamb skins for gloving work. They obtained the following results:-- [40] Ueber die Zusammensetzung des beim Beizen von Lammfellen mit Hundekot abfällenden “festen Schmutzes”: ein Beitrag zur Beizenfrage.--Coll., 1911, p. 445. Per cent. Water 29·7 Fat 42·0 Fatty acids combined with lime 6·6 Albuminous matter soluble in water 3·8 Hair and insoluble albuminous bodies 14·4 Ash (containing 57 per cent. CaO) 3·5 The fat had a-- Melting-point 40–44° Saponification number about 121 Iodine number 31·6 Hehner value 91·9 Acid value 9·3 Dr. Fahrion found, in a sample of the fat extracted with ether:-- Per cent. Iodine number. Unsaponifiable 47·6 27·3 Fatty acids (sol. in petrol ether) 39·3 30·2 Oxy acids (sol. in ether) 13·5 13·4 The figures obtained for the fat therefore agree closely with those for wool fat.