There was besides another animal very much like this called the Mastodon; but it had tusks in the lower jaws as well as the upper, four in all, and the lower tusks dropped out when the animal grew old. The whole skeleton of one of these is also put up in the Museum, which you ought to go and see.[16] Mastodons’ bones have been discovered in England and other parts of Europe, and in North and South America and India, so that they were spread pretty well all over the world. They had very curious pointed teeth rather like a lot of fir cones piled together, not flat grinders like those of the mammoth and all living elephants, and perhaps they fed upon fruits and nuts, and boughs, as I do not think they could have managed well to chew grass and leaves with such pointed teeth. The teeth in their old dead jaws are still beautifully white and look like china. Both the mammoth and the mastodon had long trunks of course, and they must have been grand looking creatures marching about in the English forests. We should be very much startled if we were to meet one of them now in an English wood: but there is no chance of that, they have all passed away, and the only relations they have living are the elephants of Africa and Asia. During this Tertiary period, or at least the early part of it, besides the mammoth and mastodon, the hippopotamus and rhinoceros were plentiful about the Thames. Those same Ilford marshes in Essex have been a complete storehouse of the remains of these animals. The bones of a hundred different mammoths and eighty rhinoceroses have been dug up lately from the damp, black soil, as well as many belonging to the hippopotamus, and we can have no doubt that all the swamps along the north side of the river were inhabited by large herds of these huge beasts, or so many of their skeletons could not have been collected in one place. It is very likely they were overtaken in a flood of the river and drowned, and their bodies sank down in the mud of the river bank: but anyhow, there they are to tell us that they lived and died almost within sight of the Tower of London, if it had been built then, as of course it was not. [Illustration: VIII. _Gigantic Irish Stag_ (_Cervus Megaceros_).]