XV THE IRON HORSE IN AUSTRALASIA (II.) 186 XVI ACROSS SIBERIA BY RAIL 198 XVII THE LEOPOLDINA RAILWAY 214 XVIII THE FIRST CANADIAN TRANS-CONTINENTAL RAILWAY 224 XIX A RAILWAY OVER THE SEA 240 XX THE LAND OF REMARKABLE RAILWAY BRIDGES 250 XXI WHERE THE SNOW-PLOUGH WORKS IN SUMMER 260 XXII FROM BUENOS AIRES TO VALPARAISO OVERLAND 270 XXIII A LITTLE-KNOWN CENTRAL AFRICAN RAILWAY 281 XXIV THE INVASION OF THE FAR EAST (I. EARLY DAYS IN CHINA) 289 XXV THE INVASION OF THE FAR EAST (II. MODERN DEVELOPMENTS IN CHINA AND JAPAN) 297 XXVI THE CONQUEST OF THE CASCADE MOUNTAINS 308 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS _To face page_ Where the Union Pacific Railway strikes across Salt Lake _Frontispiece_ Building the loftiest bridge in the world 6 Driving a cutting 100 feet deep by the aid of dynamite and steam shovels through slate on the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railway, U.S.A. 7 A Railway Construction Camp among the mountains 16 Building a high bank on the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railway, U.S.A., by modern methods 16 The huge steam shovel which takes some 3 tons of spoil with every bite 17 The drag-line shovel which scoops up the earth in the cutting as it is pulled along 17 The Pecos Viaduct on the “Sunset” Railway, the highest structure in the United States, the track being 321 feet above the water below 24 The track layer, whereby the metals are laid at a speed of 3 or 4 miles a day, crossing a heavy timber trestle 25 The Göschenen entrance to the St. Gotthard Tunnel 32 The wonderful Wassen Loop on the St. Gotthard Railway, showing three tiers of track 33 The compressed air locomotive which hauled workmen and rock blasted from the mountain in the cutting of the Loetschberg Tunnel 36 What the working face in the heart of the mountain is like 36 The lofty Amsteg Bridge, 184 feet high, spanning the Maderan Valley on the St. Gotthard Railway 37 No. 2, “The Toronto,” the first railway engine built in Canada by James Good in 1853 48 The Niagara Cantilever Railway Bridge under construction 48