TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. Bold text is denoted by =equal signs=. Fractions have been left in the form a/b except for ¼ ½ ¾. A dozen or so occurrences of 'nn a-b' have been changed to 'nn-a/b', mainly on pages 27-40, for consistency. Footnote anchors in a table are of the form (a) and the corresponding Footnote is placed at the bottom of that table. Other Footnote anchors are of the form [A] with placement at the end of that Chapter. To save table space some column headings use the following abbreviations: Pass. for Passenger Mill. for Millions Prop. for Proportion Many wide tables have been split into two or more parts. Each part after the first is labelled at the top with {table continued}. Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources. More detail can be found at the end of the book. THE RAILWAY LIBRARY 1909 A COLLECTION OF NOTEWORTHY CHAPTERS, ADDRESSES AND PAPERS RELATING TO RAILWAYS, MOSTLY PUBLISHED DURING THE YEAR. COMPILED AND EDITED BY SLASON THOMPSON MANAGER OF THE BUREAU OF RAILWAY NEWS AND STATISTICS CHICAGO CHICAGO THE GUNTHORP-WARREN PRINTING CO 1910 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 3 PRE-RAILWAY ERA IN AMERICA 5 By F. A. Cleveland and F. W. Powell. FIRST ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CHIEF ENGINEER OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD COMPANY 21 By J. Edgar Thomson. RAILWAYS AND THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 45 By James J. Hill. SOUTHERN RAILWAYS AND THEIR NEEDS 58 By John F. Wallace. PROBLEMS CONFRONTING AMERICAN RAILWAYS 66 By Daniel Willard. THE RAILROAD SITUATION OF TO-DAY 80 By Frank Trumbull. TRANSPORTATION CHARGE AND PRICES 90 By Logan G. McPherson. THE FREIGHT RATE PRIMER 107 Issued by the N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Co. PROGRESSIVE SAFETY IN RAILWAY OPERATION 116 By A. H. Smith. RAILWAY MAIL PAY 142 By Julius Kruttschnitt. THE DIMINISHED PURCHASING POWER OF RAILWAY EARNINGS 165 By C. C. McCain. THE RAILROADS AND PUBLIC APPROVAL 199 By Edward P. Ripley. RAILROADS AND THE PUBLIC 205 By John C. Spooner. RAILROAD PROBLEMS OF TO-DAY 211 By J. B. Thayer.