The Recollections of Alexis de TocquevilleTocqueville, Alexis de
History
The Recollections of Alexis de Tocqueville
Tocqueville, Alexis de
France -- History -- February Revolution, 1848
"Gentlemen, permit me to say that I believe you are deceived. True,
there is no actual disorder; but it has entered deeply into men's
minds. See what is passing in the breasts of the working classes,
who, I grant, are at present quiet. No doubt they are not disturbed
by political passion, properly so-called, to the same extent that
they have been; but can you not see that their passions, instead of
political, have become social? Do you not see that there are
gradually forming in their breasts opinions and ideas which are
destined not only to upset this or that law, ministry, or even form
of government, but society itself, until it totters upon the
foundations on which it rests to-day? Do you not listen to what
they say to themselves each day? Do you not hear them repeating
unceasingly that all that is above them is incapable and unworthy
of governing them; that the present distribution of goods
throughout the world is unjust; that property rests on a foundation
which is not an equitable foundation? And do you not realize that
when such opinions take root, when they spread in an almost
universal manner, when they sink deeply into the masses, they are
bound to bring with them sooner or later, I know not when nor how,
a most formidable revolution?
"This, gentlemen, is my profound conviction: I believe that we are
at this moment sleeping on a volcano. I am profoundly convinced of
it....
* * * * *
"... I was saying just now that this evil would, sooner or later, I
know not how nor whence it will come, bring with it a most serious
revolution: be assured that that is so.
"When I come to investigate what, at different times, in different
periods, among different peoples, has been the effective cause that
has brought about the downfall of the governing classes, I perceive
this or that event, man, or accidental or superficial cause; but,
believe me, the real reason, the effective reason which causes men
to lose their power is, that they have become unworthy to retain
it.
"Think, gentlemen, of the old Monarchy: it was stronger than you
are, stronger in its origin; it was able to lean more than you do
upon ancient customs, ancient habits, ancient beliefs; it was
stronger than you are, and yet it has fallen to dust. And why did
it fall? Do you think it was by some particular mischance? Do you
think it was by the act of some man, by the deficit, the oath in
the Tennis Court, La Fayette, Mirabeau? No, gentlemen; there was
another reason: the class that was then the governing class had
become, through its indifference, its selfishness and its vices,
incapable and unworthy of governing the country.
"That was the true reason.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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