Everything eaten up 349 Famine 354 In the waiting-prison at Tyumen. Ostiaks 363 The great Siberian _Trakt_ 371 Siberia: the start into the Interior 378 Sozonoff--a typical Siberian exile of the intellectual class. Head of a convoy of prisoners on the great Siberian _Trakt_ 383 Horse killed by small bomb thrown to stop the carriage in which state money was being conveyed 395 The wreck of M. Stolypin’s room 406 An “expropriation” 413 Russian workmen and their “_artel_” 443 A Russian coal-miner 451 Cossacks on patrol duty. Victims of a Cossack _pogrom_ 469 Nicholas W. Tchaykovsky, “Father of the Russian Revolution” 487 Catherine Breshkovsky 491 INTRODUCTION Importance of movement called Russian revolution--Its varied aspects--Inevitableness of revolution in Russia--Causes--The disease of autocracy--Insincerity of manifesto of October, 1905, seen in gradual withdrawal of constitutional rights then guaranteed--Elements of disintegration in Russian state--Ninety per cent. of Russian people now oppose existing régime--Startling record of killed and wounded in 1906--Compared to French Terror--Length of Russian struggle compared to other revolutions in history--Author’s qualifications for present undertaking--Varied experience among Cossacks, terrorists and peasants. The Russian revolution is one of the vital issues of the world to-day. The political revolt, presenting, as it does, so many unique and dramatic developments, tends to distract the attention of the world from the broader, deeper, and certainly not less important, phases of the movement which are found in the social and economic upheaval. The working out of these forces--political, social, economic--in one stupendous movement, constitutes one of the great revolutions of history. Revolution implies absolute change. Whether civil war, or intense parliamentary struggle, or both, is the method of accomplishment, is of small consequence. The ultimate outcome is the same. The present movement of the Russian people toward a changed condition of life is but the manifestation of underlying forces of history and destiny to which all nations must yield. Revolution in Russia during the first quarter of the twentieth century is as inevitable as the bursting of a Pelée or a Vesuvius; as inexorable and pitiless as an earthquake, or the passing of ancient empires.