Encouraged by the example and success of Haller’s enterprise, others
soon entered the publishing business, and the number of printing
presses in Cracow multiplied rapidly. In the first half of the
sixteenth century the Polish capital was the proud possessor of the
printing establishments of Florian Ungler, Hieronimus Wietor, Matthew
Scharffenberger, Siebeneicher, Wierzbięta, Lazarus Andrysowicz,
and of Piotrkowczyk.[198] Ungler was the first one of the Cracow
printer-publishers to attempt Polish prints. Among his employees was
a certain John of Sącz (Jan z Sącza), who later became a very active
promoter of Polish printing. In 1533 this John of Sącz, known now also
as Małecki and Sandecki, had a printing establishment in Pułtusk.
By 1536 we find him in East Prussia at first as printer-publisher
and afterwards as Lutheran pastor and superintendent at Elck.[199]
Ungler’s successors became Stanislaus of Zakliczyn and Gregory
Przeworski.[200] The largest and best in point of output and quality of
work was the printing establishment of Andrysowicz. By it were printed
the constitutions of the Polish Diet, Wujek’s Bible, and many other
important and valuable books of the sixteenth century.[201]
In the years 1503-1536 there were published in Cracow alone two hundred
ninety-four printed books, or as many as in the whole of England
in the same period.[202] Thus, the Polish capital became the centre
of cultural activity, not only for Poland, but also for eastern and
south-eastern Europe. “The earliest books for Hungary, Moldavia,
Transylvania, Ruthenia, and Lithuania were printed in Cracow.”[203]
But Cracow was not the only Polish city in which printing
establishments were to be found. Other cities had them, too. In the
first half of the sixteenth century printing establishments were found
in Wilno, Pułtusk, and Poznań. Later, in the course of the second half
of the same century, printing presses were established in Lublin,
Brześć-Litewski, Kowno, Łosk, Nieświez, Łowicz, Płock, Kalisz, Pińczów,
Raków, Zamość, Warsaw, Gdańsk, Chełm, Lwów, Kiev, and other provincial
cities and towns.[204]
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