Copyists--professional, 69, 127, 132, 138, 140, 147, 149 (see monks); women, 128; other, 128-130, 138; wage of, 29, 32, 54; concern for their work, 49-52; dictation to, 157, 158, 165; rules governing, 49-51; repairing MSS, 49, 69; artistic accomplishments of, 52-54; paraphernalia of, 86, 88. Cnossos--Cretan palace of, 107; "finds" in, 107, 108. Crete--recent discoveries in ancient, 100, 107, 108. Cuneiform--writing, 28, 99-104; distinguished from hieroglyphic, 100; made with stylus, 102; hieroglyphic, origin of, 100; great quantity of writing in, 102, 104, 134-136; discoveries of Layard, 104, 136; of Rawlinson, 136; diminutive specimens, 136; Dr. Grotefend's "guess," 103; how read, 102; incorruptible character of, 103, 104; cylinders, 79; "deluge" tablet, 134. "Dark Ages"--extent, 127, 129; decline of learning and literature therein, 33, 129-132, 149-151; emergence from, 150-152, 168, 169. "Demotic"--writing, distinguished from "hieratic," 70, 92, 98, 99; on Rosetta Stone, 99. "Diptych"--defined, 82. Ephraem--monk, 63; Manuscript ("C"), 63, 64, 65. "Gait"--of handwriting, 55; of mind, 57. Greece--fountain source of literature, 138. Grotefend (Dr.)--and cuneiform inscription, 103. Gutenberg--place and time of birth, 12; his invention and its significance, 12, 13; first printed book, 14, 15; first press, 13; experimentations, 13, 14; price paid for one copy, 14; first edition printed, 30. Hammurabi--code of, 80; inscription and purpose of, 80, 110. "Hand"--importance of, 47, 56, 57, 159; changes in, 112-117; provincial and national "hands," 115-117. Handwriting--unwritten literature, 20, 27, 28; the two great stages of the classic, 113, 114; slow and laborious process of, 27-29, 47; two chief desiderata of written MSS, 46, 47; costly, 29-32. Hebrew--language and literature, 109, 110, 122, 123. Herodotus--testimony to Persian archives, 59; books of, 139. "Hieratic"--writing, defined, 92; distinguished from "demotic," 70, 98. Hieroglyphic--writing, earliest mode of recording ideas, 20, 21, 28, 70, 91-99; universal, 92, 107; one of the tri-lingual inscriptions, 98; two classes of, 94-97; number of, 97. Homer--writings of long un-recorded, 24; "books" of, 139, 140. "Ideographic"--writing, defined, 94, 95; clumsy and imperfect, 97, 98; limitations of, illustrated, 97, 98; key to decipherment, 98, 99; Cretan undeciphered, 107, 108. "India"--paper, quality, 76, 77; tests of strength and durability, 77; remarkable productions on, 76, 77; ink, 86.