Inks--importance and necessity of good, 47, 57, 83; composition of ancient, 83, 84; lost art, 86; various kinds and colors, 84, 85, 86; uses of colored, 85; millenniums-old, 84; tests of genuineness of written documents, 57; printers', 14; "royal," 86; "India," 86. "Interrogation" (?)--punctuation mark, 124. Inventions--outgrowth of necessity, 40, 60, 62; in printing, 11; in paper, 72; in the alphabet, 91, 92, 106, 107; improvement and progress in, 16, 17, 62, 63; in punctuation, 120, 121, 123, 125; improvement in materials and arrangement of books, 62, 69, 70, 72-77, 81, 82. Jews--devotion to sacred books, 49; rules governing copyists, 49, 50, 51; Septuagint Version for, 141. Language--most distinguishing characteristic of mankind, 90; earliest decipherable, 108-111; first use of alphabetic writing, 105, 106; the Gospel in many languages, 34-38, 41; many and various versions, 38, 39. Leather--earliest material of portable books, 59; Hebrew statutes written on, 59; age of skin-rolls, 59; royal archives of Persia on, 59; Yemanite rolls, 59. Libraries--earliest at Nippur, 133-135; contents of Nippur tablets, 134, 136; "deluge" tablet, 134, 135; at Assur-bani-pal, 103, 135; scribes of, 135, 136; the number of tablets therein, 135, 136; size of tablets and of writing, 136; magnifying lens found, 136; contents of tablets, 134, 136, 137; at Pergamos, 137; number of rolls in, 137; disposition of, 137, 145; at Alexandria, 137, 138; treasures of learning in, 127, 137, 138, 141; preëminence of, 137, 138; books of, 138; how books secured, 135, 138, 140, 141; scribes of, 127, 128, 136, 137, 138, 140; number and size of books therein, 137-140; varying fortunes of, 143-145; irreparable loss, 145; tradition of the destruction, 143, 144; at Constantinople, 146-148; fostered by the Emperor, 147-148; successively wasted and renewed, 148, 152; of monasteries, 131, 132, 148, 149, 151, 152; of churches, 148; at Paris, and elsewhere, 64, 94, 149, 151-153; the Vatican, 64, 170; British Museum, 59, 64, 80, 136; how libraries perpetuated and replenished, 130, 135, 136-141, 147, 152, 157, 163; number of books in leading modern, 142. Literature--how first perpetuated, 19, 22, 27, 28; period of the MSS, 19; materials of written MSS, 46-88; punctuation and other devices of literature, 120-125; stichometry, 123; chapters and verses of the Bible, 120-124; ideomatic use of language in, 123; modern distinctions of, 120-125; Aldus Manutius and modern punctuation, 125; extended by Arabian conquests, 152, 153; system of notation, 126.