The Relation of the Hrólfs Saga Kraka and the Bjarkarímur to Beowulf: A Contribution To The History Of Saga Development In England And The; Scandinavian Countries — John Shaqi
The Relation of the Hrólfs Saga Kraka and the Bjarkarímur to Beowulf: A Contribution To The History Of Saga Development In England And The; Scandinavian CountriesOlson, Oscar Ludvig
History
The Relation of the Hrólfs Saga Kraka and the Bjarkarímur to Beowulf: A Contribution To The History Of Saga Development In England And The; Scandinavian Countries
Sarrazin regards the story of Bjarki's journey from Sweden to Denmark
and subsequent exploit there, with which he identifies the corresponding
journey and exploit of Beowulf, as an embodiment of the Balder and Frey
cult. He thinks it may be interpreted as the southward journey of the
sun in the autumn and its contest with frost and mists when it reaches
its southern limit (i.e., Denmark, according to the ancient conception
of the people of the Scandinavian peninsula); or it may be interpreted
as the introduction of the Balder-cult from Sweden into Denmark.[7]
Bernhard ten Brink agreed with Karl Müllenhoff,[8] that, on the one
hand, there is really no similarity between the Beowulf story and Saxo's
account of Bjarki, in which the blood-drinking episode is the main
point, and, on the other, between Saxo's account and that in the
_Hrólfssaga_, which has too much the nature of a fairy tale to be
ancient tradition. He agreed with Bugge, that Bjarik's combat with the
winged monster shows contact with the story of Beowulf's fight with the
dragon.[9]
Sarrazin, replying to ten Brink, scouts the idea that a poem, such as
_Beowulf_, which was completely unknown in England after the eleventh
century, should, after this time, be well known in Scandinavian
countries and exert a notable influence there.[10]
G. Binz does not think that Sarrazin's attempt to identify Bjarki with
Beowulf is sufficiently substantiated and shows by a list of names,[11]
dating from the twelfth century and found in the Northumbrian _Liber
Vitae_, that the story about Bjarki was probably known at an early date
in northern England.[12]
Sarrazin thinks that perhaps Beowulf married Freawaru, Hrothgar's
daughter, as, similarly, Bjarki, according to the _Hrólfssaga_, married
Drifa, the daughter of Hrothgar's nephew, Hrolf Kraki; that the troll
which supports Hrolf Kraki's enemies in Hrolf's last battle is a
reminiscence of the dragon in _Beowulf_; and that, owing to the change
of taste and other causes that occurred in the course of time, the
Beowulf story developed into the form in which it is found in the Bjarki
story in the _Hrólfssaga_.[13]
Thomas Arnold concedes that there may be a faint connection between the
Bjarki story and the Beowulf story, but he rejects Sarrazin's theory
that the Anglo-Saxon poem is a translation from the Scandinavian (see p.
8).[14]
B. Symons takes the story of Bjarki's fight with the winged monster to
be a fusion of the story of Beowulf's fight with Grendel and that of his
fight with the dragon.[15]
R.C. Boer identifies Bjarki with Beaw. In the West-Saxon line of kings,
Beaw succeeded Scyld; in the poem _Beowulf_, Beowulf, the Danish king,
succeeded Scyld; in Saxo's account, Frothi I succeeded Scyld. Frothi is
represented as having killed a dragon.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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