The Relation of the Hrólfs Saga Kraka and the Bjarkarímur to Beowulf: A Contribution To The History Of Saga Development In England And The; Scandinavian CountriesOlson, Oscar Ludvig
History
The Relation of the Hrólfs Saga Kraka and the Bjarkarímur to Beowulf: A Contribution To The History Of Saga Development In England And The; Scandinavian Countries
Still another feature may have been acquired from the Macbeth story. It
is said that Hroar and Helgi were transferred to a neighboring island.
Holinshed says that Donaldbane fled to Ireland. The Macbeth story has
been treated by a number of chroniclers, who, though they agree in the
main, occasionally disagree in regard to details. Thus Johannes Fordun
says, "Hi a Machabeo rege expulsi, Donaldus insulas, Malcolmus Cumbriam
adibant."[168] This is evidently one version and would supply the hint
for transferring the young princes to a neighboring island, which would
be a convenient disposition to make of them till the time of their
return to regain their heritage. It would also harmonize topographically
with the coast of Denmark, where there were many islands covered with
trees, the idea of woods as a hiding-place for the boys having been
abundantly supplied by the Meriadoc story.
It may be said that this introduces a conflict with the statement that
Donaldbane fled to Ireland. It is not possible to know, in a case like
this, which variant has influenced the saga, or whether, indeed, both
have not been utilized. But there was ample warrant for transferring
Hroar to Northumberland without such a suggestion as lay in Donaldbane's
flight to Ireland. In any event, imitation of Donaldbane's flight has
not been a necessary consideration in making Hroar King of
Northumberland. A suggestion of the same nature lay in Hamlet's going to
England, where he married the king's daughter; but chiefly, the
Scandinavians were numerous in the north of England and regarded
themselves as the rightful possessors of that part of the country. The
mastery of Northumberland was long an object of contest between
Anglo-Saxons and Scandinavians, and this was the chief point at issue in
the famous battle at Brunanburh, 937. Since Helgi, whom the _Hrólfssaga_
represents as the more forward of the two boys, was made King of
Denmark, no more honorable disposition could be made of Hroar than to
place him on the throne of Northumberland, and events show that he
himself was perfectly satisfied. He thus also became ruler of the land
once governed by Siward, who must have made a powerful impression on his
countrymen in England; and with one of the two princes reigning in
Denmark and the other in England, the glory of the Danes when Canute was
king of both countries would be revived in story, as it was in _Havelok
the Dane_, where Havelok, likewise, reigned both in England and
Denmark.
No attempt has been made to point out all the respects in which the
Hroar-Helgi story resembles the Macbeth story. The Macbeth story has
most of the characteristics of the "exile-return" type, and striking
resemblances that fall in with features of the stories already mentioned
might have been added, but will suggest themselves to the reader. Only
such things as point to special influence exerted by the Macbeth story
on the Hroar-Helgi story have been mentioned.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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