The Relation of the Hrólfs Saga Kraka and the Bjarkarímur to Beowulf: A Contribution To The History Of Saga Development In England And The; Scandinavian CountriesOlson, Oscar Ludvig
History
The Relation of the Hrólfs Saga Kraka and the Bjarkarímur to Beowulf: A Contribution To The History Of Saga Development In England And The; Scandinavian Countries
The paralleling of the two lines of kings also furnishes the key to the
explanation of how the different names and a different setting for the
Hroar-Helgi story, from those found in other versions, got into Saxo's
version. Since the Hroar-Helgi story appears in the same place in his
line of kings as in that of the _Skjọldungasaga_, he must also have
known the names that really belonged to the story. But he had told the
story about Halfdan, Hroar, Helgi, and Hrolf Kraki (in its second stage
of development, see p. 66) once before, and therefore could not
consistently tell a different story about the same men. The story was,
however, in existence and was too good to be discarded, so he retained
it, but disguised it by making arbitrary changes. This explains the
loss, which otherwise would be very strange, of such well known names as
Hroar, Helgi, and Hrolf Kraki. The only incentive any one could have to
change the names would be just that which Saxo had, namely that he had
used them before in another connection. He retained the name Frothi,
which appears so often in the Danish line of kings that its reappearance
would cause no difficulty; and his retention of Frothi as the slayer of
his brother is additional evidence that to him, not to Ingjald, was this
unenviable rôle first assigned. Ingjald, whom he has in his story about
Hrolf Kraki, he also retained, but in a different relationship from that
in his second book. It will be observed that Saxo merely shifted the
name Halfdan from father to son, and that Harald, almost a conventional
name, he employed twice. Finally, he introduced a strange person, Olaf,
about whom, he says, nothing, practically, was known.
But since Saxo has the Hroar-Helgi story substantially as it is in the
_Hrólfssaga_, except for the changed names, the author of the
_Skjọldungasaga_, or its source, whose version of the story occurs in
the same place in the line of Danish kings as Saxo's, must also have
known the story in the same version. This we shall find was actually the
case, and that the story as it appears in the _Skjọldungasaga_ is an
attempt at reconciling conflicting elements in ancient tradition.
As already stated, according to the _Grottasọngr_ (from about 950),
Frothi is the brother of Halfdan and slays him. But according to an
equally old tradition, the story on which the Ingjald lay in Saxo's
sixth book is based, Frothi is Ingjald's father and is himself slain.
The events that gave rise to this lay are also narrated in Saxo's sixth
book and are as follows.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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