The Relation of the Hrólfs Saga Kraka and the Bjarkarímur to Beowulf: A Contribution To The History Of Saga Development In England And The; Scandinavian CountriesOlson, Oscar Ludvig
History
The Relation of the Hrólfs Saga Kraka and the Bjarkarímur to Beowulf: A Contribution To The History Of Saga Development In England And The; Scandinavian Countries
[Footnote 64: _Folk. Huld. Even._, Pt. I, pp. 66ff.]
[Footnote 65: _St. germ. Sag._, pp. 367-68.]
[Footnote 66: "Dette hallen hjemsögende uhyre."--_Hrs. Bjark._, Introd.,
p. 22.]
[Footnote 67: _Icel. Leg._, pp. 140 ff.]
[Footnote 68: That it was the cattle of King Hrolf that the dragon
attacked has been recognized by others, Müllenhoff (_Beow. Unt. Ang._,
p. 55) and Chadwick (_Camb. Hist. Lit._, I, p. 29), for instance; but
they make no more of the matter than to state it correctly.]
[Footnote 69: _Grettis._, pp 92 ff.]
[Footnote 70: _Folk. Huld. Even._, Pt. II, pp. 53 ff.]
[Footnote 71: _Helt._, I, pp. 117-18.]
[Footnote 72: _P. M. L. A._, XXIV, p. 239.]
[Footnote 73: _St. germ. Sag._, p. 366.]
[Footnote 74: _St. germ. Sag._, p. 368.]
[Footnote 75: _St. germ. Sag._, p. 372.]
[Footnote 76: See pp. 11-12.]
[Footnote 77: _Beow. Unt. Ang._, p. 55.]
[Footnote 78: _Beow. Unt._, p. 187.]
[Footnote 79: _Helt._, I, p. 135.]
[Footnote 80: _Nor. Tales_, p. 366. The sword here in question is just
like the sword in Grendel's cave in _Beowulf_, except that it is not
said to have a golden hilt.]
[Footnote 81: Other tales which contain the motive that a
strength-giving drink enables one to wield a sword that has supernatural
qualities are: _The Big Bird Dan_ and _The Seven Foals_ (_Nor. Tales_,
pp. 266 and 449); _The Three Brothers_ (Polish, _Yel. Fair. Bk._, p.
144); and _Lonkenlus_ (_Event. Sagn_, p. 268). It may be urged that in
all these instances the drinking imparts strength, not bravery. But the
two qualities are closely related; and the saga-man makes it plain that,
by means of the drink, Hott has acquired both. Bothvar says, "Now you
have become very strong, and I don't believe that you will be afraid of
the troop of King Hrolf any longer." Hott answers, "I shall not fear
them any more." Later Bothvar says, referring to the proposed attack on
the propped-up dragon, "A brave man might be able to satisfy his
curiosity about this! Comrade Hott, destroy this evil talk about
you,--men say that there is neither strength nor courage in you; go up
and kill the beast!" "Yes," says Hott, "I will undertake it." The king
says, "I don't know whence this courage has come to you, Hott, you have
changed marvellously in a short time." From the foregoing and what is
said about Hott's wrestling with Bothvar, it is plain that the author
has taken particular pains to emphasize the fact that, by partaking of
the heart and blood of the dragon, Hott has acquired great strength, the
lack of which seems to have been the cause of his cowardice. It seems
equally plain that when Hott knocks over the dead propped-up dragon by
means of the sword Gullinhjalti, which the king explicitly says "can
only be borne by a man who is both brave and daring," the purpose is to
call particular attention to the fact that it is by wielding the sword
that Hott gives proof of the change that has come over him. Regardless
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