published as Band II with a complete glossary of the Code, and an _Anhang_ with a register of the duplicates then known, Old Babylonian, Assyrian, and Neo-Babylonian, which were used to complete the text (Leipzig, Pfeiffer, 1909). IV. TRANSLATIONS ALONE. Of translations there was early no lack. SCHEIL’s appeared in October, 1902, WINCKLER’s first, the following month. _The Oldest Code of Laws in the World_, a baldly literal translation of the Code alone, with a short introduction and index of subjects by C. H. W. JOHNS, appeared in February, 1903 (T. & T. Clark, Edinburgh). _Le leggi di Hammurabi re di Babilonia (a. 2285-2242 a. C.) con prefazione e note_, by P. BONFANTE (Milano, 1903), and _Il codice di Hammurabi e la Bibbia_, by FR. MARI (Roma, Desclée, 1903), witness to the interest shown in Italy. In the _New York Independent_ for December 11, 18, 1902, and January 8, 15, 22, 1903, W. HAYES WARD gave a translation of the Code, following WINCKLER closely; as did C. F. KENT in his article, _The Recently Discovered Civil Code of Hammurabi_, published in the _Biblical World_ (Chicago University Press, March, 1903). A translation of the Code also appeared in W. ST. CHAD BOSCAWEN’s _The First of Empires_, along with comments and notes. The book presented a clear and readable account of the life and times of Hammurabi and the dynasty to which he belonged. It gave many interesting views upon Babylonian history and the relations to Israelite legislation; but it must be used with great caution, as it is often inaccurate and full of misprints (London and New York, Harper’s, 1903). The many criticisms which had appeared on his first translation and the desirability of a less expensive presentation led V. SCHEIL, in 1903, to put out a fresh translation as _La loi de Hammurabi_ (Paris, E. Leroux); in which, however, he accepted little from his critics. A second edition came out in 1904. Other translations have appeared in connexion with particular discussions. Thus the present writer was induced to set out a fresh translation for his _Babylonian and Assyrian Laws, Contracts, and Letters_ in the _Library of Ancient Inscriptions_ (Edinburgh, T. & T. Clark, 1904). This work covered most of the helps to the study of the subjects referred to in this survey available up to that date. R. W. ROGERS included an excellent translation and transliteration of the text in his useful work, _Cuneiform Parallels to the Old Testament_ (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1912).