The position of some classes or castes named will be dealt with under the LEXICOGRAPHY OF THE CODE, pp. 74 ff. _The Consecrated Women of the Hammurabi Code_ is an important essay by D. G. LYON in the _Studies in the History of Religions presented to Crawford Howell Toy_ (New York, The Macmillan Co., 1912), pp. 341-60. See also _Altbabylonische Rechtsurkunden aus der Zeit der Hammurabi-Dynastie_, by S. DAICHES (Leipzig, Hinrichs, 1903). The view of law as sworn contract has importance enough to be specially considered. It was early discovered in the so-called contracts which were once regarded as legal decisions. We may refer to _Sworn Obligations under Egyptian and Babylonian Law_, by E. and V. REVILLOUT, and _Sworn Obligations in Babylonian Law_ by the same authors in _The Babylonian and Oriental Record_, vol. i, no. 7, and vol. ii, no. 1. A. UNGNAD pointed out _Eine neue Form der Beglaubigung in altbabylonischen Urkunden_ in the _Orientalistische Litteraturzeitung_, 1906, cols. 163-4. The whole subject was taken up by S. A. B. MERCER in his dissertation on _The Oath in Babylonian and Assyrian Literature_ (Munich, 1911). The idea underlying the appeal to the ordeal is closely allied to that of the oath, and F. E. PEISER wrote _Zum Ordal bei Babyloniern_ in the _Orientalistische Litteraturzeitung_, 1911, cols. 477-9. The importance of the family in the Code and Babylonian Law in general has led to several monographs. _Le Mariage à Babylone_, by ED. CUQ (Paris, Lecoffre, 1905), and _Zur Terminologie im Eherecht bei Hammurabi_, by D. H. MÜLLER, in the _Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes_, xix, pp. 352-8, deal chiefly with the Code. L. FREUND’S _Zur Geschichte des Ehegutrechtes bei den Semiten_ (Vienna, A. Hölder, 1909) chiefly deals with Jewish custom. _Liebe und Ehe im alten Orient_, by F. FREIHERR VON REITZENSTEIN (Stuttgart, Franckh, 1909), devotes pp. 51 to 70 to the Babylonian side. Of course, W. ROBERTSON SMITH’S _Kinship and Marriage_ will be consulted in its new edition by S. A. COOK (London, A. & C. Black, 1903). Closely connected are other questions as to the status of women. Already in 1892 J. OPPERT was able to make out much about _Liberté de la femme à Babylone_ in the _Revue d’Assyriologie_, ii, pp. 89-90. V. MARX discussed _Die Stellung der Frauen in Babylonien_ in the _Beiträge zur Assyriologie_, iv, pp. 1-77. Slavery in Babylonia was very different from either Roman or modern ideals. As long ago as 1888 J. OPPERT had made out much from the legal documents of later times in his article _La condition des esclaves à Babylone_ in the _Comptes rendus_ of the _Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres_ for that year. BR. MEISSNER had written a dissertation in 1882, _De servitute babylonico-assyriaca_ (Leipzig), which still deserves to be consulted. M. SCHORR wrote _Arbeitsruhetage im alten Babylonien_ in _Revue Sémitique_, 1912, pp. 398-9.