The Relations of Science and Religion: The Morse Lecture, 1880Calderwood, Henry
Religion
The Relations of Science and Religion: The Morse Lecture, 1880
Calderwood, Henry
Religion and science
From this passage it will be seen that ascertained facts are given in
harmony with previous descriptions; but that while naming some as
sensory, others as motor, there is no distinct evidence for classifying
certain cells as "mind-cells." Along with the admission of our
comparative ignorance of the minute structure of the cell, is the
assertion that this cell "possesses the capacity to feel, to will, to
think." This latter statement is advanced without any trace of
scientific evidence, and has no better substratum on which to rest than
the admission that man not only feels, but also thinks and wills.
Further, when we recall the singular variety of situation in which these
cells are found, as they lie within the spinal canal, subordinate
centres, and the brain, the insufficiency of the whole theory of
"mind-cells" is apparent. Still more conspicuous does this become when
we turn to Hæckel's illustrative diagram, and read underneath it this
description,--"A large branched nerve-cell, or 'mind-cell' from the
brain of an electric fish." The investigator who makes in the directest
manner statements as to thinking and willing, which he has not verified
and can not verify; and who with undisturbed composure of mind proceeds
to illustrate and support his position by giving a drawing of the
"mind-cell of an electric fish," does almost every thing that can be
done to discredit his testimony on scientific subjects.
Having now set forth the grounds on which I think it clearly shown that
physiological science has done no more than identify sensory and motor
cells; and that the search for the true "mind-cell" has proved a
failure; I pass from this division of the subject with the
acknowledgment that the front and back portions of the brain still
present area for fresh research, and to this must be added the striking
fact that in all the brains subjected to electric excitation these two
portions have uniformly remained silent. These considerations may
possibly hereafter afford valuable suggestions towards guidance of the
work yet to be done in the investigation of brain structure and
functions.
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