The Relations of Science and Religion: The Morse Lecture, 1880Calderwood, Henry
Religion
The Relations of Science and Religion: The Morse Lecture, 1880
Calderwood, Henry
Religion and science
thought has been contracted into narrow and hardened form, such as to
encourage isolation from regions of investigation personally disliked.
In the one case, dishonor is reflected on scientific thinking, in the
other, dishonor is cast on religious thought.
These considerations will indicate the true intellectual spirit in which
we should face the question concerning the relations of religion and
science. To our rational nature, every thing which is entitled to rank
as genuine knowledge must be matter of interest; and reliance on common
means of acquiring knowledge, must involve confidence in the unity of
all truth, and the possibility of demonstrating such unity, if only it
be possible for us to penetrate deep enough, and extend our researches
wide enough,--a confidence which will not be sacrificed even when the
actual unity waits discovery. As each one of the planets diffuses its
own share of light, and all combine to constitute the solar system, so
each science must be a centre of knowledge, and all combined must
constitute a system of truth.
This being granted on purely intellectual grounds, our concluding point
is connected with competency to enter upon critical inquiry as to the
harmony of religion and science. What has been said as to knowledge of
the Bible as a prerequisite for the discussion of our problem, must
equally hold as to science. One thing, however, needs to be fairly
stated and deliberately allowed; the possibility of intelligent and
adequate criticism does not imply full acquaintance with scientific
methods, and personal ability to test the results of their application.
Most of us must be content to take our scientific knowledge on trust, as
Chaucer did, when he declined to enter upon the intricacies of
astronomical study, because he was too old for making satisfactory
progress.[D] To accept scientific conclusions without personal
verification is simply inevitable. When scientific men themselves have
come to a general agreement, and are not any longer in conflict on a
particular conclusion, this must be enough for the great majority of
intelligent inquirers. There is not, in this, absolute security for
accuracy, but neither is there such security in the circumstances for
scientific men themselves, and there can be no reasonable ground for
hesitancy or complaint, either on our part or on theirs, if we are ready
to accept general agreement as sufficient testimony for the time. It
would be utterly impracticable and unreasoning to insist that we can not
intelligently accept the conclusions of astronomy unless we are able to
go through the mathematical processes; or the main facts of human
physiology unless we have verified each position by personal
investigation into the structure of the organs, and the conditions of
functional activity. Conjectures find from an intelligent public no
higher acknowledgment than is due to conjecture, simply because those
who have devoted themselves to research in the department concerned are
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