The Relations of Science and Religion: The Morse Lecture, 1880Calderwood, Henry
Religion
The Relations of Science and Religion: The Morse Lecture, 1880
Calderwood, Henry
Religion and science
The essential feature in this theory is the _power of adaptability
inherent in the organism_. This is postulated as characteristic of all
organized existence; and it is implied, that this power of adaptability
multiplies in a degree approximating to the measure of complexity
belonging to the organism. The inherent capacity for deviation is thus
much less in the mollusk than in the bird; and in the bird much less
than in the quadruped. Thus the development process which must,
according to this view, have been exceedingly slow in the earlier
stages, must have been greatly accelerated when more complex organisms
had come into existence, and all the advantages accrued from greater
diversity of materials. Such is a brief outline of the theory; and
looked at simply as a theory, there is a manifest attraction in the
boldness of the conception, and the wide sweep of the generalization
which it includes. Taken merely as an intellectual representation
setting forth a conceivable order of things in the universe, it has a
great deal to command attention and awaken interest. It is, indeed, a
novelty in the history of scientific thought, and as such at variance
with previous conceptions, both scientific and non-scientific. But it is
no more at variance with religious thought, than with ordinary notions
of preceding times; while to the author whose name is now associated
with it all over the scientific world, it is a more striking testimony
of the marvels of creative power,[BA] than notions previously current,
which regarded it as historically true that every existing variety of
animal was launched into being by a distinct creative act. Whatever may
be the ultimate view of the history of life on the earth, based on
purely scientific data,--and we are still a far way removed from what
may be regarded as scientific evidence for such a view,--the fewer the
primordial forms to which the multiplicity of existing species can be
traced, the greater is the marvel which science presents, and the more
convincing becomes the intellectual necessity by which we travel back to
a Supernatural Intelligence as the source of all. On the other hand, the
slow process by which scientific research tends to make out the natural
history of living organisms far removed from each other in the scale of
being, tracing many groups to a common parentage, and assigning their
appearance in the world to distinct periods in its history, will be
seen to be so far anticipated and favored by the graphic description of
the introduction of animal life given in the opening page of revelation,
where different orders are assigned to successive epochs.
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