The Relations of Science and Religion: The Morse Lecture, 1880Calderwood, Henry
Religion
The Relations of Science and Religion: The Morse Lecture, 1880
Calderwood, Henry
Religion and science
Altogether beyond such a general admission as this, however, it must be
obvious that in the mass of deeply interesting material now before us,
there lies a considerable number of truths needing to be gathered into
generalized form, bearing upon the laws of nature applying to living
organism. As records of details are extended before us, the marvels of
structure are obvious. The multifarious contrivances become quite
startling, until we are ready to lose our reckoning in the very
multiplicity of facts narrated. In order to make sure of general result,
we need to draw off somewhat from details,--to be content even to lose
sight of many of them,--in order to gain a position, sufficiently
removed for a sight of general relations. In attempting this it is clear
that there are certain truths bearing on the preservation and
development of species in the vegetable kingdom, and an analogous set
of truths as to the animal kingdom, and above these, possibly still more
important for general appreciation of the universe as a whole, a body of
truth as to the relations of plants and animals.
As to the first of these, it seems obvious that within the single field
of observation presented by orchids,--comparatively narrow, in view of
the wide domain of the vegetable kingdom, and yet astonishingly
extensive, on account of the richness of detail,--there is a large body
of evidence to support the theory of origin of species by selection and
adaptation. Whether all the orchideæ now found in existence have sprung
from one order of plant, or from several, the testimony appears ample to
support at least the following conclusion as presented in the words of
Mr. Darwin, "that the now wonderfully changed structure of the flower is
due to a long course of slow modification,--each modification having
been preserved which was useful to the plant, during the incessant
changes to which the organic and inorganic world has been exposed."[CE]
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