Produced by Paul Murray and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net. (This file was produced from images generously made available by the Bibliotheque nationale de France (BnF/Gallica) at http://gallica.bnf.fr) [Transcriber's Note: This file was produced from images generously made available by the Bibliotheque nationale de France (BnF/Gallica) at http://gallica.bnf.fr.] HANDBOOKS ON THE HISTORY OF RELIGIONS EDITED BY MORRIS JASTROW, Jr., PH.D. _Professor of Semitic Languages in the University of Pennsylvania_ VOLUME II THE RELIGION OF BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA BY MORRIS JASTROW, Jr., PH.D. (LEIPZIG) PROFESSOR OF SEMITIC LANGUAGES IN THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA GINN & COMPANY BOSTON . NEW YORK . CHICAGO . LONDON COPYRIGHT, 1893 By MORRIS JASTROW, Jr. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 35.11 The Athenaeum Press GINN & COMPANY . PROPRIETORS BOSTON . USA TO H. B. J. MY FAITHFUL COLLABORATOR PREFACE. It requires no profound knowledge to reach the conclusion that the time has not yet come for an exhaustive treatise on the religion of Babylonia and Assyria. But even if our knowledge of this religion were more advanced than it is, the utility of an exhaustive treatment might still be questioned. Exhaustive treatises are apt to be exhausting to both reader and author; and however exhaustive (or exhausting) such a treatise may be, it cannot be final except in the fond imagination of the writer. For as long as activity prevails in any branch of science, all results are provisional. Increasing knowledge leads necessarily to a change of perspective and to a readjustment of views. The chief reason for writing a book is to prepare the way for the next one on the same subject. In accordance with the general plan of this Series[1] of Handbooks, it has been my chief aim to gather together in convenient arrangement and readable form what is at present known about the religion of the Babylonians and Assyrians. The investigations of scholars are scattered through a large variety of periodicals and monographs. The time has come for focusing the results reached, for sifting the certain from the uncertain, and the uncertain from the false. This work of gathering the _disjecta membra_ of Assyriological science is essential to future progress. If I have succeeded in my chief aim, I shall feel amply repaid for the labor involved.