[895] Brand, i. 390; Ramsay, _Scotland and Scotsmen in the Eighteenth Century_, ii. 437; _Stat. Account_, xi. 621. [896] Hazlitt, 297-298, 340; Campbell, _Witchcraft_, 285 f. [897] Curtin, 72. [898] Fitzgerald, _RC_ vi. 254. [899] See Chambers, _Mediæval Stage_, App. N, for the evidence from canons and councils regarding these. [900] Tille, _Yule and Christmas_, 96. [901] Chambers, _Popular Rhymes_, 166. [902] Hutchinson, _View of Northumberland_, ii. 45; Thomas, _Rev. de l'Hist. des Rel._ xxxviii. 335 f. [903] _Patrol. Lot._ xxxix. 2001. [904] _IT_ i. 205; _RC_ v. 331; Leahy, i. 57. [905] See p. 169, _supra_. [906] The writer has himself seen such bonfires in the Highlands. See also Hazlitt, 298; Pennant, _Tour_, ii. 47; Rh[^y]s, _HL_ 515, _CFL_ i. 225-226. In Egyptian mythology, Typhon assailed Horus in the form of a black swine. [907] Keating, 300. [908] Joyce, _SH_ ii. 556; _RC_ x. 214, 225, xxiv. 172; O'Grady, ii. 374; _CM_ ix. 209. [909] See Mannhardt, _Mythol. Forschung._ 333 f.; Frazer, _Adonis_, _passim_; Thomas, _Rev. de l'Hist. des Rel._ xxxviii. 325 f. [910] Hazlitt, 35; Chambers, _Mediæval Stage_, i. 261. [911] Chambers, _Book of Days_, ii. 492; Hazlitt, 131. [912] Hazlitt, 97; Davies, _Extracts from Munic. Records of York_, 270. [913] See p. 237, _supra_; _LL_ 16, 213. [914] Chambers, _Med. Stage_, i. 250 f. [915] Cormac, _s.v._ "Belltaine," "Bel"; _Arch. Rev._ i. 232. [916] D'Arbois, ii. 136. [917] Stokes, _US_ 125, 164. See his earlier derivation, dividing the word into _belt_, connected with Lithuan. _baltas_, "white," and _aine_, the termination in _sechtmaine_, "week" (_TIG_ xxxv.). [918] Need-fire (Gael. _Teinne-eiginn_, "necessity fire") was used to kindle fire in time of cattle plague. See Grimm, _Teut. Myth._ 608 f.; Martin, 113; Jamieson's _Dictionary_, _s.v._ "neidfyre." [919] Cormac, _s.v._; Martin, 105, says that the Druids extinguished all fires until their dues were paid. This may have been a tradition in the Hebrides. [920] Joyce, _PN_ i. 216; Hone, _Everyday Book_, i. 849, ii. 595. [921] Pennant, _Tour in Scotland_, i. 291. [922] Hazlitt, 339, 397. [923] Hone, _Everyday Book_, ii. 595. See p. 215, _supra_. [924] Sinclair, _Stat. Account_, xi. 620. [925] Martin, 105. [926] For these usages see Ramsay, _Scotland and Scotsmen in the Eighteenth Century_, ii. 439 f.; Sinclair, _Stat. Account_, v. 84, xi. 620, xv. 517. For the sacramental and sacrificial use of similar loaves, see Frazer, _Golden Bough_{2}, i. 94, ii. 78; Grimm, _Teut. Myth._ iii. 1239 f. [927] _New Stat. Account_, Wigtownshire, 208; Hazlitt, 38, 323, 340. [928] See Miss Owen, _Folk-lore of the Musquakie Indians_, 50; Frazer, _Golden Bough_{2}, ii. 205.