[1167] Vigfusson-Powell, _Corpus Poet. Boreale_, i. 167, 417-418, 420; and see my _Childhood of Fiction_, 103 f. [1168] Larminie, 31; Le Braz{2}, ii. 146, 159, 161, 184, 257 (the _rôle_ of the dead husband is usually taken by a _lutin_ or _follet_, Luzel, _Veillées Bretons_, 79); _Rev. des Trad. Pop._ ii. 267; _Ann. de Bretagne_, viii. 514. [1169] Le Braz{2}, i. 313. Cf. also an incident in the _Voyage of Maelduin_. [1170] _RC_ x. 214f. Cf. Kennedy, 162; Le Braz{2}, i. 217, for variants. [1171] Curtin, _Tales_, 156; see p. 170, _supra_. [1172] Curtin, _Tales_, 156; Campbell, _Superstitions_, 241; _Folk-Lore_, xiii. 60; Le Braz{2}, i. 213. [1173] _Folk-Lore_, ii. 26; Yeats, _Celtic Twilight_, 166. [1174] Tertullian, _de Anima_, 21. [1175] Reinach, _RC_ xxii. 447. [1176] Val. Max. vi. 6; Mela, iii. 2. 19; Plut. _Virt. mul_ 20. [1177] See p. 229, _supra_. [1178] Le Braz{2}, i. p. xxxix. This is only one out of many local beliefs (cf. Sébillot, ii. 149). [1179] Procop. _De Bello Goth._ vi. 20. [1180] Claudian, _In Rufin._ i. 123. [1181] Sébillot, i. 418 f. [1182] _de Defectu Orac._ 18. An occasional name for Britain in the _Mabinogion_ is "the island of the Mighty" (Loth, i. 69, _et passim_). To the storm incident and the passing of the mighty, there is a curious parallel in Fijian belief. A clap of thunder was explained as "the noise of a spirit, we being near the place in which spirits plunge to enter the other world, and a chief in the neighbourhood having just died" (Williams, _Fiji_, i. 204). [1183] _de Facie Lun[oe]_, 26. [1184] See Hartland, _Science of Fairy Tales_, 209; Macdougall, _Folk and Hero Tales_, 73, 263; Le Braz{2}, i. p. xxx. Mortals sometimes penetrated to the presence of these heroes, who awoke. If the visitor had the courage to tell them that the hour had not yet come, they fell asleep again, and he escaped. In Brittany, rocky clefts are believed to be the entrance to the world of the dead, like the cave of Lough Dearg. Similar stories were probably told of these in pagan times, though they are now adapted to Christian beliefs in purgatory or hell. [1185] Le Braz{2}, i. p. xl, ii. 4; Curtin, 10; MacPhail, _Folk-Lore_, vi. 170. [1186] See p. 338, _supra_, and Logan, _Scottish Gael_, ii. 374; _Folk-Lore,_ viii. 208, 253. [1187] Le Braz{2}, i. 96, 127, 136f., and Intro, xlv. [1188] Philostratus, _Apoll. of Tyana_, v. 4; Val. Max. ii. 6. 12. [1189] Le Braz{1}, ii. 91; Curtin, _Tales_, 146. The punishment of suffering from ice and snow appears in the _Apocalypse of Paul_ and in later Christian accounts of hell. [1190] _RC_ xxvi. 153. [1191] Bk. iv. ch. 36. [1192] _Erdathe_, according to D'Arbois, means (1) "the day in which the dead will resume his colour," from _dath_, "colour"; (2) "the agreeable day," from _data_, "agreeable" (D'Arbois, i. 185; cf. _Les Druides_, 135). CHAPTER XXIII. REBIRTH AND TRANSMIGRATION.